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We have recently demonstrated that selective activation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NKB<\/jats:styled-content> receptors (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content>3R) within the retrochiasmatic area (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RC<\/jats:styled-content>h) and the preoptic area (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POA<\/jats:styled-content>) triggers surge\u2010like <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content> secretion in ovary\u2010intact ewes, whereas blockade of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RC<\/jats:styled-content>h <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content>3R suppresses oestradiol\u2010induced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content> surges in ovariectomised ewes. Although these data suggest that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NKB<\/jats:styled-content> signalling within these regions of the hypothalamus mediates the positive\u2010feedback effects of oestradiol on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content> secretion, the pathway through which it stimulates Gn<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RH<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content> secretion remains unclear. We proposed that the action of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NKB<\/jats:styled-content> on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RC<\/jats:styled-content>h neurones drives the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content> surge by stimulating kisspeptin\u2010induced Gn<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RH<\/jats:styled-content> secretion. To test this hypothesis, we quantified the activation of the preoptic\/hypothalamic populations of kisspeptin neurones in response to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POA<\/jats:styled-content> or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RC<\/jats:styled-content>h administration of senktide by dual\u2010label immunohistochemical detection of kisspeptin and c\u2010Fos (i.e. marker of neuronal activation). We then administered the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NK<\/jats:styled-content>3R agonist, senktide, into the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RC<\/jats:styled-content>h of ewes in the follicular phase of the oestrous cycle and conducted frequent blood sampling during intracerebroventricular infusion of the kisspeptin receptor antagonist Kp\u2010271 or saline. Our results show that the surge\u2010like secretion of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LH<\/jats:styled-content> induced by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RC<\/jats:styled-content>h senktide administration coincided with a dramatic increase in c\u2010Fos expression within arcuate nucleus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARC<\/jats:styled-content>) kisspeptin neurones, and was completely blocked by Kp\u2010271 infusion. We substantiate these data with evidence of direct projections of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RC<\/jats:styled-content>h neurones to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ARC<\/jats:styled-content> kisspeptin neurones. Thus, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NKB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010responsive neurones in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RC<\/jats:styled-content>h act to stimulate Gn<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RH<\/jats:styled-content> secretion by inducing kisspeptin release from <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">KND<\/jats:styled-content>y neurones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,10]],"date-time":"2016-04-10T12:36:06Z","timestamp":1460291766000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Surge\u2010Like Luteinising Hormone Secretion Induced by Retrochiasmatic Area <scp>NK<\/scp>3R Activation is Mediated Primarily by Arcuate Kisspeptin Neurones in the Ewe"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Grachev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Pharmacology West Virginia University Morgantown WV USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K. 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