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In the present study, we investigated the distribution of EM\u2010like\u2010immunoreactive (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L\u2010IR) neurones in the brain of the cichlid fish<jats:italic>Oreochromis mossambicus<\/jats:italic>. Application of antisera against EM\u20101 and 2 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101\u20102) revealed the presence of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L\u2010IR somata and fibres throughout the different subdivisions of the olfactory bulb, such as the olfactory nerve layer and the granule cell layer. Although the extensions of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L\u2010IR fibres were seen along the medial olfactory tract, intensely labelled<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L\u2010IR somata were found in different subdivisions of the telencephalon. In the diencephalon, intensely stained<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L\u2010IR neurones were noted in the preoptic area, the nucleus preopticus pars magnocellularis, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the nucleus lateralis tuberis pars lateralis and the nucleus lateralis tuberis pars medialis regions, whereas projections of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L\u2010IR fibres were also seen along the hypothalamic\u2010hypophyseal tract, suggesting a possible hypophysiotrophic role for these neurones. Intense to moderately stained<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L\u2010IR neurones were noted in different subdivisions of thalamic nucleus, such as the dorsal posterior thalamic nucleus, commissura posterior, ventromedial thalamic nucleus, nucleus posterior tuberis, ventrolateral thalamic nucleus and medial preglomerular nucleus. Numerous intensely stained perikarya and axonal fibres were also noted throughout the inferior lobe, along the periventricular margin of the reccessus lateralis and in the nucleus recesus lateralis regions. In addition, numerous moderately labelled<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010like neuronal populations were found in the secondary gustatory nucleus and rostral spinal cord. The widespread distribution of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010L\u2010IR neurones throughout the brain and spinal cord indicates the diverse roles for these cells in neuroendocrine and neuromodulatory responses for the first time in fish. The present study provides further insights into the possible existence of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EM<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010like peptides in early vertebrate lines and suggests that these peptides might have been well\u2010conserved during the course of evolution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,8]],"date-time":"2017-02-08T23:32:44Z","timestamp":1486596764000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Distribution of endomorphin\u2010like\u2010immunoreactive neurones in the brain of the cichlid fish<i>Oreochromis mossambicus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"family":"Vijayalaxmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroendocrinology Research Laboratory Department of Studies in Zoology Karnatak University Dharwad India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. 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