{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T11:53:08Z","timestamp":1790509988872,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,19]],"date-time":"2018-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship","award":["PIEF-GA-2013-625827"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PIEF-GA-2013-625827"]}]},{"name":"La Reunion University"},{"name":"EU IP ZF-Health","award":["FP7-HEALTH-2007-B2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7-HEALTH-2007-B2"]}]},{"name":"ZENCODE-ITN"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Neuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The spatial and temporal expression of steroidogenic genes in zebrafish has not been fully characterised. Because zebrafish are increasingly employed in endocrine and stress research, a better characterisation of steroidogenic pathways is required to target specific steps in the biosynthetic pathways. In the present study, we have systematically defined the temporal and spatial expression of steroidogenic enzymes involved in glucocorticoid biosynthesis (<jats:italic>cyp21a2<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> cyp11c1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> cyp11a1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> cyp11a2<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> cyp17a1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> cyp17a2<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> hsd3b1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> hsd3b2<\/jats:italic>), as well as the mitochondrial electron\u2010providing ferredoxin co\u2010factors (<jats:italic>fdx1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> fdx1b<\/jats:italic>), during zebrafish development. Our studies showed an early expression of all these genes during embryogenesis. In larvae, expression of <jats:italic>cyp11a2<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> cyp11c1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> cyp17a2<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> cyp21a2<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> hsd3b1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>fdx1b<\/jats:italic> can be detected in the interrenal gland, which is the zebrafish counterpart of the mammalian adrenal gland, whereas the <jats:italic>fdx1<\/jats:italic> transcript is mainly found in the digestive system. Gene expression studies using quantitative <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">reverse transcriptase<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PCR<\/jats:styled-content> and whole\u2010mount <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> hybridisation in the adult zebrafish brain revealed a wide expression of these genes throughout the encephalon, including neurogenic regions. Using ultra\u2010high\u2010performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, we were able to demonstrate the presence of the glucocorticoid cortisol in the adult zebrafish brain. Moreover, we demonstrate <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> biosynthesis of cortisol and the neurosteroid <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone<\/jats:styled-content> in the adult zebrafish brain from radiolabelled pregnenolone. Taken together, the present study comprises a comprehensive characterisation of the steroidogenic genes and the <jats:italic>fdx<\/jats:italic> co\u2010factors facilitating glucocorticoid biosynthesis in zebrafish. Furthermore, we provide additional evidence of <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> neurosteroid biosynthesising in the brain of adult zebrafish facilitated by enzymes involved in glucocorticoid biosynthesis. Our study provides a valuable source for establishing the zebrafish as a translational model with respect to understanding the roles of the genes for glucocorticoid biosynthesis and <jats:italic>fdx<\/jats:italic> co\u2010factors during embryonic development and stress, as well as in brain homeostasis and function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,27]],"date-time":"2018-02-27T18:22:47Z","timestamp":1519755767000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Expression and activity profiling of the steroidogenic enzymes of glucocorticoid biosynthesis and the <i>fdx1<\/i> co\u2010factors in zebrafish"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9452-2373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Weger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Diotel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM, UMR 1188 Diab\u00e8te ath\u00e9rothrombose Th\u00e9rapies R\u00e9union Oc\u00e9an Indien (D\u00e9TROI) Universit\u00e9 de La R\u00e9union  Saint\u2010Denis de La R\u00e9union France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. D.","family":"Weger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nestl\u00e9 Institute of Health Sciences SA  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Beil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Toxicology and Genetics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology  Eggenstein\u2010Leopoldshafen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Zaucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. L.","family":"Eachus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Metabolism University of Sheffield  Sheffield UK"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science The Bateson Centre  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. A.","family":"Oakes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Metabolism University of Sheffield  Sheffield UK"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science The Bateson Centre  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. L.","family":"do Rego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plateforme d'Analyse Comportementale (SCAC) Institut de Recherche et d'Innovation Biom\u00e9dicale Inserm U1234 Universit\u00e9 de Rouen  Rouen Cedex France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.\u2010H.","family":"Storbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Stellenbosch University  Stellenbosch South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Gut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nestl\u00e9 Institute of Health Sciences SA  Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Str\u00e4hle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Toxicology and Genetics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology  Eggenstein\u2010Leopoldshafen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Rastegar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Toxicology and Genetics Karlsruhe Institute of Technology  Eggenstein\u2010Leopoldshafen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Krone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"},{"name":"Department of Oncology and Metabolism University of Sheffield  Sheffield UK"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science The Bateson Centre  Sheffield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2015.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2010-0013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.78.8.4704"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Neurosteroids: of the nervous system, by the nervous system, for the nervous system","volume":"52","author":"Baulieu EE","year":"1997","journal-title":"Recent Prog Horm Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2639"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2011.00050"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2011.07731.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2008.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/frne.1999.0188"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-013-3276-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4546-08.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3855"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2091"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1606"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5815439"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2014.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-012110-142320"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2009.07.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/org.3.1.3965"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00671.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cb3000474"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1006512"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2010.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7007-4-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00438-014-0889-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.steroids.2015.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-133X(02)00059-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1145"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015-1480"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1584"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.627265"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1002030302"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.24020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","first-page":"e30860","article-title":"A high\u2010resolution mRNA expression time course of embryonic development in zebrafish","volume":"6","author":"White RJ","year":"2017","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2013.04.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00124.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1112009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-3285"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04436"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(00)00385-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.06683"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.1321"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfn010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-1559"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.256826"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2012.64"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2014.00367"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2008.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079406"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2017-00549"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Juvenile hermaphroditism in the zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio","volume":"28","author":"Takahashi H","year":"1977","journal-title":"Bull Fac Fish Hokkaido Univ"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-445X(03)00177-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1095-8649.2003.00074.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(02)00041-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-07-0427"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)81011-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(95)00140-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(90)90202-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.12.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-12-0379"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054851"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-09-03795.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.110.169854"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2012.00064"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0050277"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22122"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-008-0047-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.129.1.245"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.23733"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20497"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21222"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/jbio:2009007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2011.00137"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2014.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2012.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801479-0.00005-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2005.03.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2013.31"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2014.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2009.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1228773"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114325"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)01991-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-1109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-0348-8979-7_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gep.2015.05.004"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroendocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjne.12586","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jne.12586","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,24]],"date-time":"2023-09-24T15:52:59Z","timestamp":1695570779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jne.12586"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jne.12586"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jne.12586","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0953-8194","1365-2826"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0953-8194","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2826","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-10-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-02-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-04-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e12586"}}