{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:53:20Z","timestamp":1791572000916,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]],"date-time":"2018-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/G004463\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/G004463\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Neuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In mammals, melatonin is the hormone responsible for synchronisation of seasonal physiological cycles of physiology to the solar year. Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland with a profile reflecting the duration of the night and acts via melatonin\u2010responsive cells in the pituitary pars tuberalis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PT<\/jats:styled-content>), which in turn modulate hypothalamic thyroid hormone status. Recent models suggest that the actions of melatonin in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PT<\/jats:styled-content> depend critically on day length\u2010dependent changes in the expression of eyes absent 3 (Eya3), which is a coactivator for thyrotrophin \u03b2\u2010subunit (Tsh\u03b2) gene transcription. According to this model, short photoperiods suppress Eya3 and hence Tsh\u03b2 expression, whereas long photoperiods produce the inverse effect. Studies underpinning this model have relied on step changes in photoperiod (from 8 to 16\u00a0hours of light\/24\u00a0hours) and have not compared the sensitive ranges of photoperiods for changes in Eya3 and Tsh\u03b2 expression with those for relevant downstream molecular and endocrine responses. We therefore performed a \u201ccritical day length\u201d experiment in Soay sheep, in which animals acclimated to 8\u00a0hours of light\/24\u00a0hours (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SP<\/jats:styled-content>) were exposed to a range of increased photoperiods spanning the range 11.75 to 16\u00a0hours (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LP<\/jats:styled-content>) and then responses at the level of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PT<\/jats:styled-content>, hypothalamus and hormonal output were assessed. Although Eya3 and Tsh\u03b2 both showed the predicted <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SP<\/jats:styled-content> vs <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LP<\/jats:styled-content> differences, they responded quite differently to intermediate photoperiods within this range and, at the individual animal level, no clear Eya3\u2010Tsh\u03b2 relationship could be seen. This result is inconsistent with a simple coactivator model for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EYA<\/jats:styled-content>3 action in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PT<\/jats:styled-content>. Further downstream layers of nonlinearity were also seen in terms of the Tsh\u03b2\u2010dio2 and the dio2\u2010testosterone relationships. We conclude that the transduction of progressive changes in photoperiod into transitions in endocrine output is an emergent property of a multistep signalling cascade within the mammalian neuroendocrine system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,4]],"date-time":"2018-07-04T14:53:36Z","timestamp":1530716016000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Neuroendocrine correlates of the critical day length response in the Soay sheep"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4884-8409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Hazlerigg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arctic and Marine Biology University of Troms\u00f8  Troms\u00f8 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