{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T18:09:12Z","timestamp":1787162952289,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]],"date-time":"2019-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TR\u2010SFB 134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TR\u2010SFB 134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Neuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Transcranial direct current stimulation (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) is a neuromodulatory method that has been tested experimentally and has already been used as an adjuvant therapeutic option to treat a number of neurological disorders and neuropsychiatric diseases. Beyond its well known local effects within the brain,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    also transiently promotes systemic glucose uptake and reduces the activity of the neurohormonal stress axes. We aimed to test whether the effects of a single\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    application could be replicated upon double stimulation to persistently improve systemic glucose tolerance and stress axes activity in humans. In a single\u2010blinded cross\u2010over study, we examined 15 healthy male volunteers. Anodal\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    vs sham was applied twice in series. Systemic glucose tolerance was investigated by the standard hyperinsulinaemic\u2010euglycaemic glucose clamp procedure, and parameters of neurohormonal stress axes activity were measured. Because\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010induced brain energy consumption has been shown to be part of the mechanism underlying the assumed effects, we monitored the cerebral high\u2010energy phosphates\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and phosphocreatine by\n                    <jats:sup>31<\/jats:sup>\n                    phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy. As hypothesised, analyses revealed that double anodal\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    persistently increases glucose tolerance compared to sham. Moreover, we observed a significant rise in cerebral high\u2010energy phosphate content upon double\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Accordingly, the activity of the neurohormonal stress axes was reduced upon\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    compared to sham. Our data demonstrate that double\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    promotes systemic glucose uptake and reduces stress axes activity in healthy humans. These effects suggest that repetitive\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">tDCS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    may be a future non\u2010pharmacological option for combating glucose intolerance in type 2 diabetes patients.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,19]],"date-time":"2019-01-19T15:19:54Z","timestamp":1547911194000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Double transcranial direct current stimulation of the brain increases cerebral energy levels and systemic glucose tolerance in men"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6459-0746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewelina K.","family":"Wardzinski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Psychoneurobiology Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Friedrichsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Psychoneurobiology Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sina","family":"Dannenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Psychoneurobiology Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Kistenmacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Psychoneurobiology Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe H.","family":"Melchert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Psychoneurobiology Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamila","family":"Jauch\u2010Chara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Psychoneurobiology Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin M.","family":"Oltmanns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Psychoneurobiology Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism University of Luebeck Luebeck Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2016.10.087"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jlb\/lsw044"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2012.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4610.2012.02141.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Immediate effects of tDCS on the mu\u2010opioid system of a chronic pain patient","volume":"3","author":"DosSantos MF","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0410-392"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03439"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0421"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"[The euglycemic insulin and hyperglycemic clamp technic. 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