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Adult male rats show higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OT<\/jats:styled-content> receptor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OTR<\/jats:styled-content>) binding in the posterior bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pBNST<\/jats:styled-content>) than adult female rats. In the present study, we investigated the mechanisms that lead to this sex difference. First, we found that male rats have higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OTR mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> expression in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pBNST<\/jats:styled-content> than females at postnatal day (P)\u00a035 and P60, which demonstrates the presence of the sex difference in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OTR<\/jats:styled-content> binding density at message level. Second, the sex difference in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OTR<\/jats:styled-content> binding density in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pBNST<\/jats:styled-content> was absent at P0 and P3, but was present by P5. Third, systemic administration of the oestrogen receptor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ER<\/jats:styled-content>) antagonist fulvestrant at P0 and P1 dose\u2010dependently reduced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OTR<\/jats:styled-content> binding density in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pBNST<\/jats:styled-content> of 5\u2010week\u2010old male rats, but did not eliminate the sex difference in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OTR<\/jats:styled-content> binding density. Fourth, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pBNST<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OTR<\/jats:styled-content> binding density was lower in androgen receptor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content>) deficient genetic male rats compared to wild\u2010type males, but higher compared to wild\u2010type females. Finally, systemic administration of the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid at P0 and P1 did not alter <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pBNST<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OTR<\/jats:styled-content> binding density in 5\u2010week\u2010old male and female rats. Interestingly, neonatal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ER<\/jats:styled-content> antagonism, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content> deficiency, and neonatal valproic acid treatment each eliminated the sex difference in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pBNST<\/jats:styled-content> size. Overall, we demonstrate a role for neonatal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ER<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AR<\/jats:styled-content> activation in setting up the sex difference in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OTR<\/jats:styled-content> binding density in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pBNST<\/jats:styled-content>, which may underlie sexual differentiation of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pBNST<\/jats:styled-content> and social behaviour.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,25]],"date-time":"2019-06-25T17:50:39Z","timestamp":1561485039000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Oestrogen and androgen receptor activation contribute to the masculinisation of oxytocin receptors in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis of rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Nicholas B.","family":"Worley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiology of Social Behavior Laboratory Department of Psychology Boston College Chestnut Hill MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly M.","family":"Dumais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiology of Social Behavior Laboratory Department of Psychology Boston College Chestnut Hill MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingting C.","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiology of Social Behavior Laboratory Department of Psychology Boston College Chestnut Hill MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura E.","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiology of Social Behavior Laboratory Department of Psychology Boston College Chestnut Hill MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea G.","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiology of Social Behavior Laboratory Department of Psychology Boston College Chestnut Hill MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tessa C.","family":"Gillespie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiology of Social Behavior Laboratory Department of Psychology Boston College Chestnut Hill MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Hobbs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Program Michigan State University East Lansing MI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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