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The sexually dimorphic nature of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRL<\/jats:styled-content> physiology and associated behaviours is evident in mammals, even though the number and density of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NEDA<\/jats:styled-content> neurones is reported as not being sexually dimorphic in rats. However, the underlying circuits controlling <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NEDA<\/jats:styled-content> neuronal activity and subsequent <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRL<\/jats:styled-content> release are largely uncharacterised. Thus, we mapped whole\u2010brain monosynaptic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NEDA<\/jats:styled-content> inputs in male and female mice. Accordingly, we employed a rabies virus based monosynaptic tracing system capable of retrogradely mapping inputs into genetically defined neuronal populations. To gain genetic access to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NEDA<\/jats:styled-content> neurones, we used the dopamine transporter promoter. Here, we unravel 59 brain regions that synapse onto <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NEDA<\/jats:styled-content> neurones and reveal that male and female mice, despite monomorphic distribution of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NEDA<\/jats:styled-content> neurones in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, receive sexually dimorphic amount of inputs from the anterior hypothalamic nucleus, anteroventral periventricular nucleus, medial preoptic nucleus, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, posterior periventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus, lateral supramammillary nucleus, tuberal nucleus and periaqueductal grey. Beyond highlighting the importance of considering sex as a biological variable when evaluating connectivity in the brain, these results illustrate a case where a neuronal population with similar anatomical distribution has a subjacent sexually dimorphic connectivity pattern, potentially capable of contributing to the sexually dimorphic nature of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRL<\/jats:styled-content> release and function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,16]],"date-time":"2019-08-16T18:43:15Z","timestamp":1565980995000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Sexually dimorphic neuronal inputs to the neuroendocrine dopaminergic system governing prolactin release"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3172-6253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco F.","family":"Esteves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Champalimaud Research Programa Champalimaud de Neuroci\u00eancias Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diogo","family":"Matias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Champalimaud Research Programa Champalimaud de Neuroci\u00eancias Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana R.","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Champalimaud Research Programa Champalimaud de Neuroci\u00eancias Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertrand","family":"Lacoste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Champalimaud Research Programa Champalimaud de Neuroci\u00eancias Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana Q.","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Champalimaud Research Programa Champalimaud de Neuroci\u00eancias Lisboa Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-65-3-369"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1494"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2016.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.137"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2008.01736.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RiddleO BatesRW Physiology SDAJo.The preparation identification and assay of prolactin\u00a0\u2013\u00a0a hormone of the anterior pituitary. 1933 physiology.org","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1933.105.1.191"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2000.80.4.1523"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05416.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12477"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-90-1-232"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1571"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biolreprod\/5.1.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-110-2-677"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2006.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1708025114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-016-1254-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(00)00053-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.193"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/chan.28946"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05453"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22208"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09271.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2014.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.12.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.3.4976"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000126789"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","first-page":"231","article-title":"Evidence for the existence of monoamine\u2010containing neurons in the central nervous system. 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