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Studies of steroidogenesis in cells of the nervous system and elsewhere not only indicate that 1,25\u2010dihydroxyvitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> affects steroidogenic pathways but also suggest varying responses in different cell types. For example, 1,25\u2010dihydroxyvitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> stimulates the expression of aromatase in human glioma but not in human neuroblastoma cells or rat astrocytes. However, in astrocytes, 1,25\u2010dihydroxyvitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> suppresses 3\u03b2\u2010hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and steroid 17\u2010hydroxylase\/lyase. Other studies indicate cross\u2010talk between vitamin D signalling and signalling of oestrogens, progesterone or glucocorticoids. Reported data indicate synergistic effects of combinations of 1,25\u2010dihydroxyvitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and other steroid hormones on neuroinflammation, neurite outgrowth and neuroprotection. Also, dysregulation of steroid pathways affecting brain cells is found in vitamin D deficiency. Thus, several studies suggest that active vitamin D may affect steroid hormone synthesis and\/or signalling in the nervous system, although the potential mechanisms for these responses remain unclear. 1,25\u2010Dihydroxyvitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> suppresses proliferation in several cell types and is therefore of interest in cancer treatment. Also, epidemiological studies associate vitamin D levels with cancer risk or outcomes. Reported data on tumours of the nervous system are mainly on glioma, a common type of brain cancer. Expression of the vitamin D receptor in glioma tumours is associated with improved survival. Several studies show that 1,25\u2010dihydroxyvitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and vitamin D analogues (synthetic vitamin D\u2010like compounds) suppress proliferation and migration in human vitamin D receptor\u2010expressing glioma cell lines. Studies on mechanisms for actions of 1,25\u2010dihydroxyvitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> or its analogues indicate regulation of cell cycle proteins and senescence markers. These compounds also show synergism in combination with other cancer therapies treating glioma. From the data available, vitamin D analogues emerge as interesting candidates for the future improved treatment of human glioma and possibly also other cancers of the nervous system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12799","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,8]],"date-time":"2019-10-08T15:01:54Z","timestamp":1570546914000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Effects of vitamin D in the nervous system: Special focus on interaction with steroid hormone signalling and a possible role in the treatment of brain cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4348-6269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Norlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences Uppsala University Uppsala 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