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Here, we review recent studies that interrogate the relationship between sex\u2010typical responses and changes in cellular phenotypes. We discuss technologies that increase the resolution of molecular profiling or targeting of cell populations, including single\u2010cell transcriptional profiling and conditional viral genetic approaches to manipulate neurone survival or activity. Overall, emerging studies indicate that sex\u2010typical functions of the VMH may be mediated by phenotypically distinct and sexually differentiated neurone populations within the VMHvl. Future studies in this and other brain regions could exploit cell\u2010type\u2010specific tools to reveal the cell populations and molecular mediators that modulate sex\u2010typical responses. Furthermore, cell\u2010type\u2010specific analyses of the effects of sexually differentiating factors, including sex hormones, can test the hypothesis that distinct cell types within a single brain region vary with respect to sexual differentiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12801","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,12]],"date-time":"2019-10-12T19:14:47Z","timestamp":1570907687000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Selective sexual differentiation of neurone populations may contribute to sex\u2010specific outputs of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7063-6635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura G.","family":"Kammel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology of the Brain Research 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