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Depletion of RA\u00a0using the vitamin A deficiency (VAD) model in Wistar rats leads to spatial memory deficits in relation to elevated intrahippocampal basal corticosterone (CORT) levels and increased hippocampal 11\u03b2\u2010hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11\u03b2\u2010HSD1) activity. All of these effects are normalised by vitamin A supplementation. However, it is unknown whether vitamin A status also modulates contextual fear conditioning (CFC) in a glucocorticoid\u2010associated fear memory task dependent on the functional integrity of the hippocampus. In the present study, we investigated the impact of VAD and vitamin A supplementation in adult male rats on fear memory processing, plasma CORT levels, hippocampal retinoid receptors and 11\u03b2\u2010HSD1 expression following a novelty\u2010induced stress. We also examined whether vitamin A supplementation or a single injection of UE2316, a selective 11\u03b2\u2010HSD1 inhibitor, known to modulate local glucocorticoid levels, had any beneficial effects on contextual fear memory and biochemical parameters in VAD rats. We provide evidence that VAD\u00a0rats exhibit a decreased fear conditioning response during training with a poor contextual fear memory 24\u00a0hours later. These VAD\u2010induced cognitive impairments are associated with elevated plasma CORT levels under basal conditions, as well as following a stressful event, with saturated CORT release, altered hippocampal retinoid receptors and 11\u03b2\u2010HSD1 expression. Vitamin A supplementation normalises VAD\u2010induced fear conditioning training deficits and all biochemical effects, although it cannot prevent fear memory deficits. Moreover, a single injection of UE2316 not only impairs contextual fear memory, but also reduces plasma CORT levels, regardless of the vitamin A status and decreases slightly hippocampal 11\u03b2\u2010HSD1 activity in VAD rats following stress. The present study highlights the importance of vitamin A status with respect to modulating fear memory conditioning in relation to plasma CORT levels and hippocampal 11\u03b2\u2010HSD1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,15]],"date-time":"2019-10-15T22:23:43Z","timestamp":1571178223000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Vitamin A deficiency impairs contextual fear memory in rats: Abnormalities in the glucocorticoid pathway"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Damien","family":"Bonhomme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 1286 Nutrition et Neurobiologie Int\u00e9gr\u00e9e Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux Bordeaux France"},{"name":"Nutrition et Neurobiologie Int\u00e9gr\u00e9e UMR 1286 Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Bordeaux 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