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Genetic syndromes with hypogonadism, such as Klinefelter syndrome, are associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). However, it is not clear whether patients with HH or transient delayed puberty in general, have an increased risk of NDDs. We performed a register\u2010based study on a national cohort of 264 patients with HH and 7447 patients diagnosed with delayed puberty that was matched with 2640 and 74\u00a0470 controls, respectively. The outcome was defined as having any of the following NDD diagnoses: (i) autism spectrum disorder (ASD); (ii) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); or (iii) intellectual disability (ID). Additional sensitivity analyses were performed to control for different parental and birth variables, as well as diagnosed malformation syndromes and chromosomal anomalies (ie, Down\u2019s and Turner syndromes). Patients with HH had increased risk for being diagnosed with ASD (odds ratio [OR]\u00a0=\u00a05.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]\u00a0=\u00a02.6\u201012.6), ADHD (OR\u00a0=\u00a03.0; 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.8\u20105.1) and ID (OR\u00a0=\u00a018.0; 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a08.9\u201036.3) compared to controls. Patients with delayed puberty also had a significantly increased risk of being diagnosed with an NDD. These associations remained significant after adjustments. This is the first study to demonstrate a significant association between HH, delayed puberty and NDDs in a population\u2010based cohort. Clinicians should be aware of the overlap between these disorders. Further studies should explore the mechanisms behind these associations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,20]],"date-time":"2019-10-20T15:54:15Z","timestamp":1571586855000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, delayed puberty and risk for neurodevelopmental disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Vide","family":"Ohlsson Gotby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olle","family":"S\u00f6der","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health Karolinska Institutet Stockholm 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