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Some of these compounds are endocrine disruptors, comprising substances that are able to induce multiple hormonal disturbances and downstream developmental effects, including the disruption of androgen\u2010dependent differentiation of the male reproductive tract and changes in pathways that regulate hormone\u2010dependent behaviours. In a previous study, metabolites of diisopentyl phthalate (DiPeP), a potent anti\u2010androgenic phthalate, were found in the urine of Brazilian pregnant women. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of DiPeP exposure during critical developmental periods on behaviours controlled by sex hormones in rats. Pregnant Wistar rats were treated with DiPeP (1, 10 or 100\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u00a0day<jats:sup>\u20101<\/jats:sup>) or canola oil by oral gavage between gestational day 10 and post\u2010natal day (PND) 21. Male offspring were tested in a behavioural battery, including the elevated plus maze task, play behaviour, partner preference and sexual behaviour. After the behavioural tests, the hypothalamus and pituitary of these animals were removed on PND 60\u201065 and PND 145\u2010160 to quantify gene expression for aromatase, androgen receptor (<jats:italic>Ar<\/jats:italic>) and oestrogen receptors \u03b1 (<jats:italic>Esr1<\/jats:italic>) and \u03b2 (<jats:italic>Esr2<\/jats:italic>). Male rats exposed to 1 and 10\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u00a0day<jats:sup>\u20101<\/jats:sup> DiPeP displayed no preference for the female stimulus rat in the partner preference test and 1\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u00a0day<jats:sup>\u20101<\/jats:sup> DiPeP rats also showed a significant increase in mount and penetration latencies when mated with receptive females. A decrease in pituitary <jats:italic>Esr1<\/jats:italic> expression was observed in all DiPeP treated groups regardless of age. A reduction in hypothalamic <jats:italic>Esr1<\/jats:italic> expression in rats exposed to 10\u00a0mg\u00a0kg\u00a0day<jats:sup>\u20101<\/jats:sup> DiPeP was also observed. No significant changes were found with respect to <jats:italic>Ar<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> Esr2<\/jats:italic> and aromatase expression in the hypothalamus. These results suggest that DiPeP exposure during critical windows of development in rats may induce changes in behaviours related to mating and the sexual motivation of males.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12816","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,23]],"date-time":"2019-11-23T08:29:29Z","timestamp":1574497769000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Effects of diisopentyl phthalate exposure during gestation and lactation on hormone\u2010dependent behaviours and hormone receptor expression in rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Neubert da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology UFPR Curitiba PR Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatiana","family":"Zauer Curi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology UFPR Curitiba PR Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara Em\u00edlia","family":"Lima Tolouei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology UFPR Curitiba PR Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcella","family":"Tapias Passoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology UFPR Curitiba PR Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna Beatriz","family":"Sari Hey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology UFPR Curitiba PR Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5578-4226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Marino Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy UNICENTRO Guarapuava PR Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anderson Joel","family":"Martino\u2010Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology UFPR Curitiba PR Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Physiology UFPR Curitiba PR Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7323-0091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo Roberto","family":"Dalsenter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology UFPR Curitiba PR Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/43.1.47"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/58.2.350"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.200800312"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2005.00563.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfm069"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2009.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deg273"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfu081"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000074499"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00017.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1408163"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1509870"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.11.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2007.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Sexual Differentiation of the Brain and Behavior: A Primer. 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