{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T17:32:25Z","timestamp":1778866345608,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]],"date-time":"2020-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Neuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous studies have demonstrated \u2018quality\u2010quantity\u2019 trade\u2010offs with daily food availability times in zebra finches. Compared with food access ad lib., zebra finch pairs with restricted food access for 4\u00a0hours in the morning produced poor quality offspring, whereas those with the same food access in the evening produced fewer but better quality offspring. The present study investigated whether food\u2010time\u2010dependent differential effects on reproductive performance involved brain peptides associated with reproduction and energy homeostasis in zebra finches. We measured peptide\/protein expression of gonadotrophin\u2010releasing hormone (GnRH)\u2010I, GnRH\u2010II, gonadotrophin\u2010inhibitory hormone (GnIH), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), cocaine\u2010 and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) and ZENK (a neuronal activation marker) by immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression of genes coding for the type 2 (<jats:italic>DIO2<\/jats:italic>) and type 3 (<jats:italic>DIO3<\/jats:italic>) deiodinase by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction in male and female zebra finches that were paired and kept under a 12:12 hour light\/dark photocycle at 24\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02\u00b0C temperature for &gt;\u00a012\u00a0months with access to food ad lib., or for only 4\u00a0hours in the morning or evening. In both sexes, GnRH\u2010I, <jats:italic>DIO2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>DIO3<\/jats:italic> expression did not differ significantly between the three feeding conditions, although levels showed an overall food effect. However, in males, GnIH expression was significantly higher in evening\u2010fed birds compared to ad lib. fed birds. Interestingly, GnRH\u2010II and TH levels were significantly lower in restricted feeding compared to the ad lib. group and, importantly, GnRH\u2010II and TH\u2010immunoreactivity levels were negatively and positively correlated with egg laying latency and reproductive success (offspring\/brood\/pair), respectively. At the same time, we found no effect on the hypothalamic expression of orexigenic (NPY) and anorexigenic (CART) peptides, or ZENK protein (ie, the neuronal activity marker). These results suggest the involvement of reproductive neuropeptides, with putative roles for GnRH\u2010II and TH, in the food\u2010time\u2010dependent effect on reproductive performance, albeit with subtle sex differences, in diurnal zebra finches, which possess the ability to reproduce year\u2010round, in a manner similar to other continuously breeding vertebrates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T09:16:19Z","timestamp":1577783779000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Changes in brain peptides associated with reproduction and energy homeostasis: Putative roles of gonadotrophin\u2010releasing hormone\u2010II and tyrosine hydroxylase in determining reproductive performance in response to daily food availability times in diurnal zebra finches"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Ila","family":"Mishra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of Delhi Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of Delhi Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abhilash","family":"Prabhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of Delhi Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Twinkle","family":"Batra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of Delhi Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjay Kumar","family":"Bhardwaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology C.C.S. University Meerut India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0523-8689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinod","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology University of Delhi Delhi India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"181","volume-title":"Vertebrate Endocrinology: Fundamentals and Biomedical Implications","author":"Wingfield JC","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-5347(99)01639-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/074873001129002079"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2008.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2435.2006.01237.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-919X.1991.tb04814.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2843","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.204.16.2843","article-title":"Effects of duration and time of food availability on photoperiodic responses in the migratory male blackheaded bunting Emberiza melanocephala","volume":"204","author":"Kumar V","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/rnd:2004014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2435.12448"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2015.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ps\/85.7.1245"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.123323"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.196667"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00115"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2014.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801238-3.64613-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.126987"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12627"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2014.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12274"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2016.03.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.0740037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.1997.1399"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0983"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000047260"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2011.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.11.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2008.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-0148"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-0615"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2011.00101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2014.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.24004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2011.02107.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-10-167"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1995.tb44714.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(97)00450-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2007.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2014.00242"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.3243"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1650\/0010-5422(2000)102[0470:MARSIB]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12369"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2019.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:BILE.0000019559.84305.47"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070065"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.07.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icb\/icx085"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2006.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/306510"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-1582"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2016.00170"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.1152"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(01)00471-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2008.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2011.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(03)02315-1"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroendocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjne.12825","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jne.12825","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jne.12825","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jne.12825","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T08:54:47Z","timestamp":1694076887000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jne.12825"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jne.12825"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jne.12825","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0953-8194","1365-2826"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0953-8194","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2826","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-08-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-12-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-11","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e12825"}}