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Also, there appears to be an association between thyroid disorders and cognitive decline. Given the increasing global burden of dementia, elucidating the relationship between thyroid disorders as a potentially modifiable risk factor of cognitive impairment was the main goal of this review. We summarise the current literature examining the relationship between thyroid hormonal dysregulation and cognition or behaviour. We present the available imaging and pathological findings related to structural and functional brain changes related to thyroid hormonal dysregulation. We also propose potential mechanisms of interaction between thyroid hormones, autoantibodies and cognition\/behaviour. Effects of gender, ethnicity and environmental factors are also briefly discussed. This review highlights the need for long\u2010term prospective studies to capture the course of brain functional changes associated with the incidence and progression of thyroid dysregulations along with the confounding effects of non\u2010modifiable risk factors such as gender and ethnicity. Moreover, double\u2010blind controlled clinical trials are necessary to devise appropriate treatment plans to prevent cognitive consequences of over or undertreatment of thyroid disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,3]],"date-time":"2021-03-03T01:02:26Z","timestamp":1614733346000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["The relation between thyroid dysregulation and impaired cognition\/behaviour: An integrative review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2166-2439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manizhe","family":"Eslami\u2010Amirabadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tufts University Medical Center Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Ahmad","family":"Sajjadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology and 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