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FGF21 synthesis is increased after environmental or metabolic challenges. Detailed roles of FGF21 in the control of behavioural disturbances under stressful conditions remain to be clarified. Here, we examined the roles of FGF21 in the control of behavioural changes after social defeat stress in male rodents. Central administration of FGF21 increased the number of tyrosine hydroxylase\u2010positive catecholaminergic cells expressing c\u2010Fos protein, an activity marker of neurones, in the nucleus tractus solitarius and area postrema. Double in situ hybridisation showed that some catecholaminergic neurones in the dorsal medulla oblongata expressed \u03b2\u2010Klotho, an essential co\u2010receptor for FGF21, in male mice. Social defeat stress increased FGF21 concentrations in the plasma of male mice. 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