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This, however, assumes that LH precisely mirrors gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone (GnRH) release from the hypothalamus. Because GnRH is not measurable in peripheral blood, characterization of the relationship between these two hormones required the simultaneous measurement of GnRH and LH in pituitary portal and peripheral blood, respectively. Here, we review the history of why and how portal blood collection was developed, the aspects of the true output of the central component of the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2013gonadal axis that this methodology helped clarify, and conditions under which the pituitary fails to serve as an adequate bioassay for the release pattern of GnRH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,25]],"date-time":"2021-11-25T10:10:58Z","timestamp":1637835058000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone (GnRH) measurements in pituitary portal blood: A history"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9812-0497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzanne M.","family":"Moenter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Molecular &amp; Integrative Physiology Internal Medicine Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, and the Reproductive Sciences Program University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil P.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1936.sp003368"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1937.0031"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1927.02680290020005"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"221","article-title":"Ablation and transplantation of the hypophyses in the rat","volume":"32","author":"Smith PE","year":"1926","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"62","article-title":"The effect of the anterior lobe of the hypophysis administered intraperitoneally upon growth and maturity and oestrous cycles of the rat","volume":"21","author":"Evans HM","year":"1921","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","first-page":"88","article-title":"A portal circulation from the pituitary to the hypothalamic region","volume":"65","author":"Popa G","year":"1930","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1000580206"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1948.28.2.139"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.20.1.533"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","volume-title":"The Nobel Duel","author":"Wade N","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01738910"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1929.sp002598"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1952.sp004759"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","volume-title":"The Neurophysiological Basis of Mind. 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