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Subsequent to the early 1960s, when the central role of melatonin in this adaptive process was demonstrated, our comprehension of the mechanisms through which light regulates gonadal activity has increased considerably. The current model for the photoperiodic neuroendocrine system points to pivotal roles for the melatonin\u2010sensitive pars tuberalis (PT) and its seasonally\u2010regulated production of thyroid\u2010stimulating hormone (TSH), as well as for TSH\u2010sensitive hypothalamic tanycytes, radial glia\u2010like cells located in the basal part of the third ventricle. Tanycytes respond to TSH through increased expression of thyroid hormone (TH) deiodinase 2 (\n                    <jats:italic>Dio2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), which leads to heightened production of intrahypothalamic triiodothyronine (T3) during longer days of spring and summer. There is strong evidence that this local, long\u2010day driven, increase in T3 links melatonin input at the PT to gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone (GnRH) output, to align breeding with the seasons. The mechanism(s) through which T3 impinges upon GnRH remain(s) unclear. However, two distinct neuronal populations of the medio\u2010basal hypothalamus, which express the (Arg)(Phe)\u2010amide peptides kisspeptin and RFamide\u2010related peptide\u20103, appear to be well\u2010positioned to relay this seasonal T3 message towards GnRH neurons. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the cellular, molecular and neuroendocrine players, which keep track of photoperiod and ultimately govern GnRH output and seasonal breeding.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T08:55:31Z","timestamp":1647334531000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["<scp>GnRH<\/scp>\n                    and the photoperiodic control of seasonal reproduction: Delegating the task to kisspeptin and\n                    <scp>RFRP<\/scp>\n                    \u20103"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Hugues","family":"Dardente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Universit\u00e9 de Tours, PRC Nouzilly France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6004-7850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Simonneaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience University of Strasbourg Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Seasonal breeding: nature's contraceptive","volume":"36","author":"Lincoln GA","year":"1980","journal-title":"Recent Prog Horm 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