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Here, we characterize the dynamics of expression changes of two key determinants for synaptic strength, the postsynaptic density (PSD) proteins AMPAR subunit GluA1 and PSD scaffolding protein 95 (PSD95), in response to in vivo manipulations of AVPMNN neuronal activation state, or exposure to exogenous AVP ex vivo. Both long\u2010term water deprivation in vivo\n                    <jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic>\n                    which powerfully upregulates AVPMNN metabolic activity, and exogenous AVP application ex vivo\n                    <jats:italic>,<\/jats:italic>\n                    in brain slices, significantly increased GluA1 and PSD95 expression as measured by western blotting, in brain regions reportedly receiving direct ascending innervations from AVPMNN (i.e., ventral hippocampus, amygdala and lateral habenula). By contrast, the visual cortex, a region not observed to receive AVPMNN projections, showed no such changes. Ex vivo application of V1a and V1b antagonists to ventral hippocampal slices ablated the AVP stimulated increase in postsynaptic protein expression measured by western blotting. Using a modified expansion microscopy technique, we were able to quantitatively assess the significant augmentation of PSD95 and GLUA1 densities in subcellular compartments in locus coeruleus tyrosine hydroxylase immunopositive fibres, adjacent to AVP axon terminals. Our data strongly suggest that the AVPMNN ascending system plays a role in the regulation of the excitability of targeted neuronal circuits through upregulation of key postsynaptic density proteins corresponding to excitatory synapses.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]],"date-time":"2022-05-16T23:54:10Z","timestamp":1652745250000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Vasopressin acts as a synapse organizer in limbic regions by boosting\n                    <scp>PSD95<\/scp>\n                    and\n                    <scp>GluA1<\/scp>\n                    expression"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7422-5136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Limei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Padilla\u2010Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1486-1659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vito S.","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7132-5345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario A.","family":"Zetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elba","family":"Campos\u2010Lira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5142-8993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura I.","family":"Escobar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico  Mexico City Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3606-2708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert P.","family":"Millar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico  Mexico City Mexico"},{"name":"Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Immunology University of Pretoria  Pretoria South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine University of Cape Town  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7524-944X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lee E.","family":"Eiden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Molecular Neuroscience NIMH\u2010IRP, NIH  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-008-0498-1"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"255","article-title":"The site of origin of the hormones of the posterior pituitary","volume":"39","author":"Bargmann W","year":"1951","journal-title":"Am 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