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The first aim of this study was to evaluate whether a shortened exposure of females to males could also lead to early puberty. We assessed the onset of puberty in Alpine does isolated from bucks (ISOL), exposed to wethers (CAS), exposed to intact bucks from the end of June (INT1), or mid\u2010August (INT2). Intact bucks became sexually active in mid\u2010September. At the beginning of October, 100% of INT1 and 90% of INT2 exposed does ovulated, in contrast to the ISOL (0%) and CAS (20%) groups. This demonstrated that contact with males that become sexually active is the main factor prompting precocious puberty in females. Furthermore, a reduced male exposure during a short window before the breeding season is sufficient to induce this phenomenon. The second aim was to investigate the neuroendocrine changes induced by male exposure. We found a significant increase in kisspeptin immunoreactivity (fiber density and number of cell bodies) in the caudal part of the arcuate nucleus of INT1 and INT2 exposed females. Thus, our results suggest that sensory stimuli from sexually active bucks (e.g., chemosignals) may trigger an early maturation of the ARC kisspeptin neuronal network leading to gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone secretion and first ovulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13284","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T01:19:20Z","timestamp":1682299160000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Male\u2010induced early puberty correlates with the maturation of arcuate nucleus kisspeptin neurons in does"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0803-0322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxime A.","family":"Meunier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements INRAE, CNRS, IFCE, Universit\u00e9 de Tours  Nouzilly 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