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This was an era of ablation\/replacement designs using at first rudimentary and then increasingly pure preparations of gonadal and pituitary \u201cactivities\u201d or transplanting actual glands, whole or homogenized, among subjects. There was, of course, controversy as is typical of lively and productive scientific debates to this day. The goals of this commentary are to briefly review the history of this work and how the terms referring to interactions among the components of the hypothalamo (as the central neural component was soon associated with)\u2013pituitary\u2013gonadal (HPG) axis evolved, and then to question if the current terms used have kept up with our understanding of the system. The focus in this review will be the actions of estradiol primarily upon the hypothalamus. Important actions of progesterone on the hypothalamus as well as both steroids on the pituitary response to hypothalamic factors are both acknowledged and largely ignored in this document, as are any sex differences as we focus on females.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T05:20:27Z","timestamp":1712899227000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Estradiol action in the female hypothalamo\u2013pituitary\u2013gonadal axis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9812-0497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzanne M.","family":"Moenter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular &amp; Integrative Physiology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"The Reproductive Sciences Program University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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