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This study investigates the distribution and chemotyping of kisspeptin\u2010expressing neurons within the mouse brain. RNAscope single, dual, and multiplex in situ hybridization methods were used to assess kisspeptin mRNA (<jats:italic>Kiss1<\/jats:italic>) expression and its co\u2010expression with other neuropeptides, excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter markers, and sex steroid receptors in wild\u2010type intact and gonadectomized young adult mice. Seven distinct kisspeptin neuronal chemotypes were characterized, including two novel kisspeptin\u2010expressing groups described for the first time, that is, the <jats:italic>Kiss1<\/jats:italic> population in the ventral premammillary nucleus and the nucleus of the solitary tract. <jats:italic>Kiss1<\/jats:italic> mRNA was also observed to localize in both somatic and dendritic compartments of hypothalamic neurons. High androgen receptor expression and changes in medial amygdala and septo\u2010hypothalamic <jats:italic>Kiss1<\/jats:italic> expression following GDX in males, but not in females, suggest a role for androgen receptors in regulating kisspeptin signaling. This study provides a detailed chemoanatomical map of kisspeptin\u2010expressing neurons, highlighting their potential functional diversity. The discovery of a new kisspeptin\u2010expressing group and gonadectomy\u2010induced changes in <jats:italic>Kiss1<\/jats:italic> expression patterns suggest broader roles for kisspeptin in brain functions beyond those of reproduction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.70019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T02:45:24Z","timestamp":1742352324000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comprehensive chemoanatomical mapping, and the gonadal regulation, of seven kisspeptin neuronal populations in the mouse brain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Vito S.","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)  Mexico City Mexico"},{"name":"Section on Molecular Neuroscience NIMH\u2010IRP, NIH  Bethesda Maryland 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