{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T08:57:30Z","timestamp":1789721850239,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,10]],"date-time":"2025-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Neuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The mechanism by which photoperiod influences the hypothalamic\u2013pituitary\u2010gonadal (HPG) axis and regulates seasonal reproduction in horses has yet to be fully elucidated. The hypophyseal pars tuberalis (PT) has been indicated as a critical site for the transduction of melatonin signals through melatonin\u2010responsive, PT\u2010specific cells that produce thyroid\u2010stimulating hormone (TSH) in many mammalian species. However, this has yet to be investigated in horses. The objective of this study was to explore the interaction of melatonin and thyroid\u2010stimulating hormone in the equine HPG axis. Pituitaries from mares of light\u2010horse breeds (Quarter Horse, Thoroughbred, etc.) categorized as either breeding season or non\u2010breeding season based on season, gross examination of ovarian structures, and plasma progesterone concentrations were collected post\u2010mortem. In situ hybridization revealed melatonin receptor (MT1r) mRNA abundantly expressed in glandular cells of the PT in both breeding and non\u2010breeding season mares. Immunofluorescent analysis revealed a higher abundance of TSH\u2010ir cells (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.0043) in PT obtained during the breeding season compared to the non\u2010breeding season. In cycling mares, MT1r mRNA co\u2010localized with TSH\u2010producing cells in the PT, suggesting a role for TSH as a modulator of seasonal reproduction in the mare. These findings support a role for melatonin and TSH in modulating seasonal reproduction in the mare, further evidenced by the increased TSH immunosignal observed during the breeding season. Altogether, this study endorses the PT as the key site for integrating multiple cues to regulate seasonal reproduction in the horse, as this study marks the first investigation of the relationship between melatonin and PT\u2010specific TSH cells and release in an equine model.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.70077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T05:10:50Z","timestamp":1754889050000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Melatonin receptors and thyroid stimulating hormone in the equine pars tuberalis: Potential modulators of seasonal reproduction in the mare"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8384-3566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria N.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Animal Sciences, Louisiana Agricultural Experiment Station 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