{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T02:51:49Z","timestamp":1772160709840,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP23K07023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23K07023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Neuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Corticotropin\u2010releasing factor (CRF) plays roles in stress\u2010related responses through its type 1 (CRF\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and type 2 receptors. Both CRF and CRF\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    are expressed in the rat colon. Peripheral CRF administration and various stressors increase colonic motility and defecation. Stress induces CRF release in the colon, suggesting CRF may mediate stress\u2010related responses of the colon. The vagal nodose ganglion (NG) transduces visceral information, including colonic sensation, to the brain. However, it remains unclear whether the CRF\/CRF\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    system is involved in vagal afferent functions. This study, therefore, aimed to clarify the involvement of the CRF\/CRF\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    system in relaying visceral sensory information to the brain and the effect of stress exposure on vagal nerve function. The experiments were conducted in male rats. First, CRF\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010like immunoreactivity (CRF\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010LI) was characterized in the NG. Second, the effects of vagotomy on CRF\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010LI in the NG, intraperitoneally administered CRF\u2010induced fecal output, and c\u2010Fos expression in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) were evaluated. Subsequently, a fast blue retrograde tracer was microinjected into the proximal colon. Finally, we analyzed CRF\u2010 or stress\u2010induced phosphorylation of cyclic AMP\u2010response element\u2010binding protein (pCREB) in the NG. CRF\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    mRNA and CRF\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010LI were detected, and CRF\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010LI accumulated on the proximal side of the ligated region of the nerve trunk, and CRF\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010LI was detected in most cholinergic neurons. CRF\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    siRNA suppressed the expression of CRF\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010LI in the NG. Subdiaphragmatic vagotomy decreased the number of CRF\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010positive cells in the NG while it did not affect CRF\u2010induced fecal output. CRF\u2010induced c\u2010Fos expression in the NTS was suppressed by vagotomy. A neuronal tracing study showed that approximately half of CRF\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010positive cells expressed fast blue in the NG. Intraperitoneal CRF, a selective CRF\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    agonist, or immobilization stress induced pCREB expression and increases in CRF\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010positive cells in the NG. In contrast, a CRF\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    antagonist reduced the immobilization\u2010induced increase in the expression of pCREB in the NG. These results suggest that the CRF\/CRF\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    system is involved in the signal transduction of colonic sensory information to the central nervous system via the NG.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.70082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T00:00:03Z","timestamp":1755820803000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Corticotropin\u2010releasing factor type 1 receptors in the rat nodose ganglion are involved in the transduction of stress\u2010induced visceral sensory signals to the brain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2101-9216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asuka","family":"Mano\u2010Otagiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioregulatory Science Nippon Medical School  Tokyo 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