{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T05:14:36Z","timestamp":1777958076159,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IOS\u20100923301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IOS\u20100923301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Neuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    How neuropeptides act within the neural circuits that control social behavior is not well understood. While the prevailing view is that neuropeptides act through synaptic release and then activation of their canonical receptors on postsynaptic membranes, we investigated the role of a very different form of neuropeptide action in a neural circuit regulating social communication. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that non\u2010synaptically released oxytocin (OT) can act via the non\u2010canonical receptors vasopressin V1a receptors (V1aR) to regulate social communication in Syrian hamsters. Scent marking, a key form of hamster social communication, can be enhanced by the \u03b1\u2010melanocortin stimulating hormone (\u03b1\u2010MSH), which stimulates OT but not arginine\u2010vasopressin (AVP) release. Here, we employed hypothalamic injections of \u03b1\u2010MSH and the \u03b1\u2010MSH MC4R receptor antagonist MCL\u20100020 to determine the role of \u03b1\u2010MSH in the expression of flank marking. To determine if these effects were intracellular calcium (iCa\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) dependent, hamsters were injected with AVP to induce flank marking and with the iCa\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    antagonist TMB\u20108 to test whether it was possible to block this behavioral effect. Further, a highly selective AVP V1a receptor (V1aR) antagonist and an OT receptor (OTR) antagonist were injected into the hypothalamus to investigate the receptor responsible for activating flank marking. Finally, we employed an in vitro hypothalamic slice preparation using \u201cSniffer cells\u201d biosensors to confirm that \u03b1\u2010MSH induced the release of OT but not AVP. First, we found that the in vivo hypothalamic injection of \u03b1\u2010MSH increased odor\u2010stimulated scent marking, whereas blockade of its receptor with MCL\u20100020 reduced this behavior. Hypothalamic infusion of the iCa\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    antagonist TMB\u20108 significantly reduced both AVP\u2010induced and \u03b1\u2010MSH\u2010induced flank marking. Moreover, only the V1aR antagonist, and not the OTR antagonist, significantly decreased scent marking in response to hypothalamic infusion of \u03b1\u2010MSH. Finally, biosensor recordings from hypothalamic slices confirmed that \u03b1\u2010MSH stimulates OT, but not AVP, release. Together, these results demonstrate that \u03b1\u2010MSH triggers non\u2010synaptic OT release that regulates scent marking via V1aR activation, revealing a novel mechanism by which neuropeptides modulate social behavior.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.70111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T03:30:29Z","timestamp":1763436629000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Non\u2010synaptically released oxytocin regulates social communication by acting on vasopressin V1a receptors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7655-112X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Aspesi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute and Center for Behavioral Neuroscience Georgia State University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3049-1029","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James C.","family":"Walton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute and Center for Behavioral Neuroscience Georgia State University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1165-0976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary A.","family":"Grieb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute and Center for Behavioral Neuroscience Georgia State University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6960-7685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew K.","family":"Kirchner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute and Center for Behavioral Neuroscience Georgia State University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8238-4463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhimin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute and Center for Behavioral Neuroscience Georgia State University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madeline R.","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute and Center for Behavioral Neuroscience Georgia State University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7470-7039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tony E.","family":"Larkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute and Center for Behavioral Neuroscience Georgia State University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9310-0486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier E.","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute and Center for Behavioral Neuroscience Georgia State University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7491-3978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H. 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