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In this study, we investigated the brain transcriptome of\n                    <jats:italic>esr2b<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010deficient females to explore the underlying mechanisms of this behavioral phenotype, and identified\n                    <jats:italic>npyb<\/jats:italic>\n                    , one of the two neuropeptide Y (NPY) genes in teleosts, as substantially downregulated. Follow\u2010up analyses revealed that\n                    <jats:italic>npyb<\/jats:italic>\n                    is expressed in a markedly female\u2010biased manner, dependent on estrogen\/Esr2b signaling, in a ventral telencephalic nucleus implicated in mating behavior. These findings led us to hypothesize that\n                    <jats:italic>npyb<\/jats:italic>\n                    may mediate the phenotypic consequence of\n                    <jats:italic>esr2b<\/jats:italic>\n                    deficiency. To test this, we generated\n                    <jats:italic>npyb<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010deficient medaka and assessed their mating behavior; however, no notable abnormalities were observed. Given that\n                    <jats:italic>npya<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the other NPY gene in teleosts, is also expressed in the same brain nucleus, we considered the possibility that\n                    <jats:italic>npya<\/jats:italic>\n                    compensates for the loss of\n                    <jats:italic>npyb<\/jats:italic>\n                    function. Nevertheless, even medaka lacking both\n                    <jats:italic>npya<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>npyb<\/jats:italic>\n                    showed no discernible deficits in mating behavior. While the precise physiological roles of NPY in medaka remain elusive, our findings establish\n                    <jats:italic>npyb<\/jats:italic>\n                    as a downstream target of estrogen\/Esr2b signaling and demonstrate its female\u2010biased expression in a behaviorally relevant brain region.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.70279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:52:42Z","timestamp":1790754762000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Estrogen\/Esr2b signaling\u2010dependent, female\u2010biased expression of a neuropeptide Y gene in the medaka brain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Yuki","family":"Homan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo  Tokyo 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