{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:53:44Z","timestamp":1791251624830,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD041469"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD041469"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F31HD097830"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31HD097830"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["F31HD110102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F31HD110102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Neuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Kisspeptin neurons in the rostral hypothalamus are hypothesized to initiate preovulatory gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone (GnRH) surges by causing estradiol\u2010dependent activation of GnRH neuron action potential firing and subsequent GnRH release. To determine if estradiol or ovarian cycle stage modulate functional connectivity in this circuit, anteroventral\u2010periventricular (AVPV) area kisspeptin neurons were photostimulated while recording firing and\/or evoked synaptic currents from preoptic area GnRH neurons in acutely\u2010prepared mouse brain slices. Slices were prepared 2\u2010days post ovariectomy (OVX) and OVX plus estradiol during the morning or afternoon, or in the afternoon on diestrus, proestrus, or 1\u2010week post OVX, or 6\u2010weeks post OVX with or without 1\u2010week of estradiol replacement. Photostimulation induced a sustained, frequency\u2010dependent increase in GnRH neuron firing rate. This neuromodulatory\u2010typical response was not different in diestrous versus proestrous mice but was blunted in 1\u2010week OVX mice, suggesting ovarian steroids are needed for maintenance. Neuromodulatory responses were infrequent in 6\u2010week OVX mice with or without 1 week of estradiol treatment. A minority of GnRH neurons exhibited a rapid increase in firing rate typical of fast synaptic transmission. Monosynaptic connectivity was similarly low among hormonal states and consistently GABAergic. Interestingly, evidence of fast\u2010synaptic transmission was not required for GnRH neurons to exhibit an increase in firing rate, suggesting neuromodulatory transmission can occur in this system without fast\u2010synaptic co\u2010transmission. Fast\u2010synaptic transmission was, however, associated with greater increases in firing rate, but only during proestrus, indicating GnRH neuron responsiveness to AVPV kisspeptin neuron activation is dependent on both hormone milieu and synaptic connectivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.70281","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T22:56:11Z","timestamp":1791240971000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Functional interactions between anteroventral periventricular kisspeptin neurons and gonadotropin\u2010releasing hormone neurons in female mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0073-0252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Rudolph","family":"Starrett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular &amp; Integrative Physiology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9445-3240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular &amp; Integrative Physiology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devon","family":"Krasner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular &amp; Integrative Physiology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3869-7582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chrystian D.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular &amp; Integrative Physiology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9812-0497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzanne M.","family":"Moenter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular &amp; Integrative Physiology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Internal Medicine University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"},{"name":"the Reproductive Sciences Program University of Michigan  Ann Arbor Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.136.4.7895670"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13094"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-107-5-1286"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod36.5.1207"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.1994.1037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.2014-143"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-117-2-711"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-127-3-1375"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-129-3-1175"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.133.4.8404606"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/264461a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2002-0398"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.9.7788"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.133.2.8344223"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-0195"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1671"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-6199-9_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2006.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1834399100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa035322"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.90959.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.43999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-0488"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0094-16.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1618-06.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1775-08.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2009-0247"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endocr\/bqag049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0171-18.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2002-0163"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2011.02145.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058698"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.1.7279"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.141.1.7270"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2836"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1677\/jme.0.0290023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504270102"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(94)90031-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1251\/bpo46"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5371-11.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0658-18.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.16246"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07709"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2013-1120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2004-0431"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2016-1771"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2007.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.953252"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2023.170963"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179229"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5759-10.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.139.1.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1979.sp012781"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2355-22.2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-9781(80)90033-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(88)90181-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(94)90169-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(87)92976-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0196-9781(85)90050-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/hbeh.1998.1466"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2011.02262.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-026-69316-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13073"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.86.1.86"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4738-06.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1262\/jrd.18146"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.15460"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.109215.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1307-24.2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19970811)384:4<569::AID-CNE6>3.0.CO;2-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2026.1807596"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179156"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2880-18.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1993.70.2.781"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2010-0638"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0259-17.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-24-08578.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1021-13.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0324-21.2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2014-1392"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-1369"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1303-12.2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000123990"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuroendocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jne.70281","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jne.70281","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jne.70281","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:19:29Z","timestamp":1791249569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jne.70281"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jne.70281"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jne.70281","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0953-8194","1365-2826"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0953-8194","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2826","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70281"}}