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Therefore, our objective was to determine whether concentrations of insulin, leptin, cortisol, and liver\u2010expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) in human milk and infant plasma at 6\u2009months predict infant sweet and fat taste acceptance and HPF intake later in infancy. In this prospective cohort study, human milk and infant plasma were collected at 6\u2009months and analysed for insulin, leptin, cortisol, and LEAP2. At 18\u2009months, sweet and fat taste acceptance were assessed using ingestion ratio (IR; motivational drive) and liking ratio (LR; hedonic response). HPF intake was quantified from standardized 24\u2010h dietary recalls. Associations were evaluated using multivariable linear regression. Eighty two mother\u2013infant pairs were enrolled, of which 28 completed follow\u2010up and were included in the final analysis. Milk LEAP2 was positively associated with fat IR (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.037). Milk insulin was inversely associated with sweet IR (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.003) and LR (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.020), while milk leptin was positively associated with sweet IR (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.013) and LR (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.018) and inversely associated with HPF intake consumption (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.001). Milk cortisol was positively associated with fat (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.043) and sweet IR (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.014). In contrast, infant plasma LEAP2 was inversely associated with fat IR (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.018) and HPF intake (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.002) but positively associated with sweet IR (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.005) and LR (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.023). Infant plasma cortisol was directly associated with HPF intake (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.006) and inversely associated with sweet and IR (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.004) and fat LR (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.009). Milk\u2010derived and endogenous metabolic hormones were differentially associated with taste acceptance and HPF intake, identifying specific hormonal pathways that may shape early feeding behavior and later food intake. Clinical Trial Registry: This study was registered at\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">clinicaltrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    as NCT05798676.\n                    <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05798676\">https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05798676<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.70282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T03:57:42Z","timestamp":1790913462000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Milk and infant plasma hormone concentrations predict sweet and fat taste acceptance and later food intake"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7425-0342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Luz","family":"Kruger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pedi\u00e1tricas (IDIP). Children's Hospital HIAEP \u201cSor Mar\u00eda Ludovica\u201d La Plata \u2010 Comisi\u00f3n de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC\u2010PBA)  La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina"},{"name":"CONICET  La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2160-9600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agustina","family":"Malpeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pedi\u00e1tricas (IDIP). Children's Hospital HIAEP \u201cSor Mar\u00eda Ludovica\u201d La Plata \u2010 Comisi\u00f3n de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC\u2010PBA)  La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0930-3609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisa","family":"Sala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pedi\u00e1tricas (IDIP). Children's Hospital HIAEP \u201cSor Mar\u00eda Ludovica\u201d La Plata \u2010 Comisi\u00f3n de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC\u2010PBA)  La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Casado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pedi\u00e1tricas (IDIP). Children's Hospital HIAEP \u201cSor Mar\u00eda Ludovica\u201d La Plata \u2010 Comisi\u00f3n de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC\u2010PBA)  La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Mendez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pedi\u00e1tricas (IDIP). Children's Hospital HIAEP \u201cSor Mar\u00eda Ludovica\u201d La Plata \u2010 Comisi\u00f3n de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC\u2010PBA)  La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9576-6196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucrecia","family":"Fotia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pedi\u00e1tricas (IDIP). Children's Hospital HIAEP \u201cSor Mar\u00eda Ludovica\u201d La Plata \u2010 Comisi\u00f3n de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC\u2010PBA)  La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedes","family":"L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pedi\u00e1tricas (IDIP). Children's Hospital HIAEP \u201cSor Mar\u00eda Ludovica\u201d La Plata \u2010 Comisi\u00f3n de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC\u2010PBA)  La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Silvina","family":"Faquini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Central Children's Hospital HIAEP \u201cSor Mar\u00eda Ludovica\u201d La Plata  La Plata Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8080-8509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Castrogiovanni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiology Group Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biolog\u00eda Celular (IMBICE) (UNLP \u2010 CIC\u2010PBA \u2010 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET))  La Plata Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7112-0921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helgi B.","family":"Schi\u00f6th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0659-2823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Nicklaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR CSGA Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Europe, Institut Agro, CNRS, INRAE  Dijon France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Perello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurophysiology Group Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biolog\u00eda Celular (IMBICE) (UNLP \u2010 CIC\u2010PBA \u2010 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas (CONICET))  La Plata Argentina"},{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8987-6348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda F.","family":"Andreoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Desarrollo e Investigaciones Pedi\u00e1tricas (IDIP). 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