{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T00:32:21Z","timestamp":1793061141930,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82001426"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82001426"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Neuroendocrinology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Depressive symptoms show marked sex differences in prevalence and symptom profiles, with sex hormones thought to play a key role. However, systematic evaluations of age\u2010related hormone variation across the adult lifespan remain limited. We analyzed data from 8421 adults (4204 males and 4217 females) drawn from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected between 2013 and 2016. Estradiol and testosterone levels, along with depressive symptoms assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire\u20109 (PHQ\u20109), were included in the analysis. Participants were stratified by decade\u2010based age groups, and group means were plotted to characterize age\u2010related hormone levels and depressive symptom severity. Differences between groups were examined using independent\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010tests and one\u2010way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. Decade\u2010based age stratification was used because it reflects major endocrine transition stages across adulthood. Compared to the non\u2010depressed group, both male and female participants aged 28\u201357 showed altered hormone trajectories. Notably, in females, estradiol levels began to abnormally elevate in the 28\u201337 age range and were associated with depressive symptom severity in the 38\u201357 age range among the depressed group. Within the PHQ\u20109 item\u2010level analysis, depressed females exhibited significantly higher fatigue and lower insomnia scores compared to depressed males (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.05). In the non\u2010depressed groups, males scored significantly lower on all depressive symptoms except for psychomotor changes and self\u2010harm or suicidal ideation compared to females (all\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Estradiol showed a clear midlife inflection with pronounced instability emerging between ages 28 and 47. Our findings reveal sex\u2010 and age\u2010specific trajectories of hormones and depressive symptoms across adulthood, with early estradiol variation emerging in female and externalizing features predominating in males at distinct life stages. These previously underrecognized patterns suggest an early neuroendocrine sensitive window, underscoring the need for mechanism\u2010focused longitudinal studies and highlighting opportunities for earlier, sex\u2010tailored clinical strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.70288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T02:15:49Z","timestamp":1792376149000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sex\u2010specific hormonal trajectories reveal an early neuroendocrine vulnerability window preceding menopausal depressive symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Jialin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry Binzhou People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University  Binzhou 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