{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T08:06:26Z","timestamp":1791187586160,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,31]],"date-time":"2013-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375228800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuropsychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"\n The development of impulse control disorders (\n ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\n s) in Parkinson's disease (\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) may arise from an interaction among cognitive impairment, impulsive responding and dopaminergic state. Dopaminergic state may be influenced by pharmacologic or genotypic (catechol\u2010\n O<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010methyltransferase;\n COMT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) factors. We sought to investigate this interaction further by comparing those with (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a035) and without (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a055)\n ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\n s on delay\u2010discounting in different pharmacologic conditions (\n ON<\/jats:styled-content>\n or\n OFF<\/jats:styled-content>\n dopaminergic medication) and on response inhibition as well as aspects of executive functioning in the\n ON<\/jats:styled-content>\n state. We then undertook an exploratory sub\u2010group analysis of these same tasks when the overall\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n group was divided into different allelic variants of\n COMT<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n val\/val<\/jats:italic>\n vs.\n met\/met<\/jats:italic>\n ). A healthy control group (\n HC<\/jats:styled-content>\n ;\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a020) was also included. We found that in those with\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\n s, \u2018cognitive flexibility\u2019 (set shifting, verbal fluency, and attention) in the\n ON<\/jats:styled-content>\n medication state was\n not<\/jats:italic>\n impaired compared with those without\n ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\n s. In contrast, our working memory, or \u2018cognitive focus\u2019, task was impaired in\n both<\/jats:italic>\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n groups compared with the\n HC<\/jats:styled-content>\n group when\n ON<\/jats:styled-content>\n . During the delay\u2010discounting task, the\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n with\n ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\n s group expressed greater impulsive choice compared with the\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n group without\n ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\n s, when in the\n ON<\/jats:styled-content>\n , but not the\n OFF<\/jats:styled-content>\n , medication state. However, no group difference on the response inhibition task was seen when\n ON<\/jats:styled-content>\n . Finally, the\n met<\/jats:italic>\n homozygous group performed differently on tests of executive function compared with the\n val<\/jats:italic>\n homozygous group. We concluded that the disparity in levels of impairment among different domains of executive function and impulsive decision\u2010making distinguishes those with\n ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\n in\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n from those without\n ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and may in part be affected by dopaminergic status. Both pharmacologic and genotypic influences on dopaminergic state may be important in\n ICD<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnp.12026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,31]],"date-time":"2013-07-31T06:59:00Z","timestamp":1375253940000},"page":"306-325","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Dopaminergic influences on executive function and impulsive behaviour in impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Iracema","family":"Leroi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Brain, Behaviour and Mental Health University of Manchester UK"},{"name":"Manchester Mental Health and Social Care Trust Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Barraclough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Bradford 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