{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T06:29:08Z","timestamp":1785565748790,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,28]],"date-time":"2013-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016133","name":"James Tudor Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016133","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuropsychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]},"abstract":"\n Tourette syndrome (\n TS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the occurrence of motor and vocal tics.\n TS<\/jats:styled-content>\n has been linked to the impaired operation of cortical\u2010striatal\u2010thalamic\u2010cortical circuits that give rise to hyper\u2010excitability of cortical motor areas, which may be exacerbated by dysfunctional intra\u2010cortical inhibitory mechanisms. That said, many individuals gain control over their tics during adolescence and it has been suggested that this increased control arises as a result of the development of mechanisms that operate to suppress corticospinal excitability (\n CSE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) ahead of volitional movements. Here we used single\u2010pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (\n TMS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) in conjunction with a manual Go\/NoGo task to investigate alterations in\n CSE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ahead of volitional movements in a group of adolescents with\n TS<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n N<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a010). Our study demonstrated that\n CSE<\/jats:styled-content>\n , as measured by\n TMS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010induced motor\u2010evoked potentials (\n MEP<\/jats:styled-content>\n s), was significantly reduced in the\n TS<\/jats:styled-content>\n group in the period immediately preceding a finger movement. More specifically, we show that individuals with\n TS<\/jats:styled-content>\n , unlike their age\u2010matched controls, do not exhibit the predicted increase in mean\n MEP<\/jats:styled-content>\n amplitude and decrease in\n MEP<\/jats:styled-content>\n variability that immediately precede the execution of volitional movements in typically developing young adults. Finally, we report that the magnitude of the rise in\n MEP<\/jats:styled-content>\n amplitude across the movement preparation period in\n TS<\/jats:styled-content>\n is significantly negatively correlated with clinical measures of motor tic severity, suggesting that individuals with severe motor tics are least able to modulate motor cortical excitability.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnp.12033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,28]],"date-time":"2013-11-28T02:25:46Z","timestamp":1385605546000},"page":"33-44","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Motor excitability during movement preparation in Tourette syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Amelia","family":"Draper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucinda","family":"Jude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgina M.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry Institute of Mental Health University of Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2006.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3762-05.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.2007.00822.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20044"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp299"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-007-0999-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2011.02.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-6653.2012.02033.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2448-12.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)11526-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198907000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)00575-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2006.01.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.02.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2009.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.11.2028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(88)90491-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh318"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.9.1277"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuropsychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjnp.12033","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjnp.12033","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jnp.12033","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T13:03:07Z","timestamp":1762174987000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jnp.12033"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,28]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jnp.12033"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnp.12033","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-6645","1748-6653"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-6645","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-6653","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,28]]}}}