{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T07:39:12Z","timestamp":1792222752520,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,25]],"date-time":"2014-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1403654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["PSI2012-32695"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSI2012-32695"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuropsychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]},"abstract":"\n Executive functioning in 3\u2010year\u2010old preschoolers with attention\u2010deficit hyperactivity disorder (\n ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), oppositional\u2010defiant disorder (\n ODD<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), comorbid\n ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n +\n ODD<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and children without any of these conditions (control group) was examined. A community sample including 622 children was diagnosed using a diagnostic interview following\n DSM<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010IV criteria, and assessed using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function Preschool version (\n BRIEF<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010P) and the\n K<\/jats:styled-content>\n iddie\u2010\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n onners'\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n ontinuous\n P<\/jats:styled-content>\n erformance\n T<\/jats:styled-content>\n est. The children diagnosed with\n ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n showed the poorest executive function (\n EF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) profile in comparison with controls, and were closely followed up in this respect by the comorbid\n ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n +\n ODD<\/jats:styled-content>\n children. The\n ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and comorbid groups presented similar executive difficulties. The\n ODD<\/jats:styled-content>\n group obtained mean scores statistically equal to those of controls in\n EF<\/jats:styled-content>\n . These findings suggest that, in preschoolers, executive functioning deficits assessed with a performance\u2010based measure or with behavioural descriptions are specific to children with\n ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n , in comparison with those with\n ODD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . This study contributes knowledge about\n EF<\/jats:styled-content>\n s in two prevalent and comorbid disorders in preschool children,\n ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n ODD<\/jats:styled-content>\n , knowledge that can help our understanding of specific deficits and the design of specific early intervention initiatives.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnp.12049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,25]],"date-time":"2014-06-25T21:46:43Z","timestamp":1403732803000},"page":"258-270","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Executive functions in preschoolers with\n ADHD<\/scp>\n ,\n ODD<\/scp>\n , and comorbid\n ADHD<\/scp>\n \u2010\n ODD<\/scp>\n : Evidence from ecological and performance\u2010based measures"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Lourdes","family":"Ezpeleta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Epidemiology and Diagnostic in Developmental Psychopathology (UED) Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Bellaterra Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Departament of Clinical and Health Psychology Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Bellaterra Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roser","family":"Granero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Epidemiology and Diagnostic in Developmental Psychopathology (UED) Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Bellaterra Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Departament of Psychobiology and Methodology of Behavioral Sciences Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Bellaterra Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","volume-title":"DSM\u2010IV: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Attention\u2010deficit hyperactivity disorder. A handbook for diagnosis and treatment","author":"Barkley R. A.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","volume-title":"Executive functions","author":"Barkley R. A.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/153744202753604511"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213\u2010006\u20100565\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20107610.2007.01811.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2010.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005176320912"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","volume-title":"Kiddie Conner's Continuous Performance Test technical guide and software manual","author":"Conners C. K.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000205705.71194.b8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20107610.2010.02265.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.04.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20107610.2012.02545.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054712466439"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127\u2010013\u20100683\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","volume-title":"Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function \u2010 Preschool version","author":"Gioia G. A.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20107610.1997.tb01545.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583\u2010200111000\u201000015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20107610.2011.02454.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"65","article-title":"A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure","volume":"6","author":"Holm S.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Statistics"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/icd.736"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020859629994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","volume-title":"Test breve de Inteligencia de Kaufman [Kauman Brief Intelligence Test]","author":"Kaufman A. S.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0012\u20101649.36.2.220"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/87565641.2012.758731"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000153228.72591.73"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567\u2010012\u20100118\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s1355617710000093"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579405050029"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802\u2010005\u20100935\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2011.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13854041003749342"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020798"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20107610.2011.02468.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802\u2010012\u20109684\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09297041003679344"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20107610.2008.01989.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/icd.475"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802\u2010008\u20109278\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecp.2010.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13825580601025890"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neuropsychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjnp.12049","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fjnp.12049","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jnp.12049","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jnp.12049","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jnp.12049","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T15:08:49Z","timestamp":1762182529000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jnp.12049"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,25]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jnp.12049"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnp.12049","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-6645","1748-6653"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-6645","type":"print"},{"value":"1748-6653","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,25]]}}}