{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:17:56Z","timestamp":1790191076697,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,5]],"date-time":"2015-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016133","name":"James Tudor Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["G0901321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0901321"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016133","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuropsychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ourette syndrome (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) is a neurological disorder characterized by vocal and motor tics and is associated with cortical\u2013striatal\u2013thalamic\u2013cortical circuit (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSTC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) dysfunction and hyperexcitability of cortical limbic and motor regions, which are thought to lead to the occurrence of tics. Importantly, individuals with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    often report that their tics are preceded by \u2018premonitory sensory phenomena\u2019 (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) that are described as uncomfortable cognitive or bodily sensations that precede the execution of a tic, and are experienced as a strong urge for motor discharge. While the precise role played by\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    in the occurrence of tics is controversial,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    are nonetheless of considerable theoretical and clinical importance in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , not least because they form the core component in many of the behavioural therapies that are currently used in the treatment of tic disorders. In this study, we investigated the brain structure correlates of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Specifically, we conducted a whole\u2010brain analysis of cortical (grey matter) thickness in 29 children and young adults with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and investigated the association between grey matter thickness and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . We demonstrate for the first time that\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    are inversely associated with grey matter thickness measurements within the insula and sensorimotor cortex. We also demonstrate that grey matter thickness is significantly reduced in these areas in individuals with\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    relative to a closely age\u2010 and gender\u2010matched group of typically developing individuals and that\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PSP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ratings are significantly correlated with tic severity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnp.12089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,5]],"date-time":"2015-11-05T03:51:12Z","timestamp":1446695472000},"page":"143-153","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Premonitory urges are associated with decreased grey matter thickness within the insula and sensorimotor cortex in young people with\n                    <scp>T<\/scp>\n                    ourette syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Amelia","family":"Draper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgina M.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mental Health School of Medicine University of Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul S.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Physics &amp; Clinical Engineering Queen's Medical Centre Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5676-4072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165\u20100173(96)00011\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108749.2003.tb00873.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1980.01780250029002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl050"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocrd.2014.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn894"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2555"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0395"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq300"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","unstructured":"Draper A. Jackson G. M. Morgan P. S. &Jackson S. R.(2015).Alterations in cortical grey matter thickness in young people with Tourette syndrome. 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