{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T14:39:18Z","timestamp":1778164758784,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,23]],"date-time":"2018-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000304","name":"Parkinson's UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000304","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuropsychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Visual hallucinations (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) have a significant impact on quality of life for people with Parkinson's disease (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ). A major reason for this is the well\u2010established link with cognitive impairment, but there is still a need for more longitudinal studies examining the specific cognitive domains which may be affected. The aim of this study was to profile decline in cognition associated with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in a cohort of 69 individuals with\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      over 1\u00a0year.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Visual hallucinations assessments were carried out every 3\u00a0months. Executive function and episodic memory were assessed at baseline and 1\u00a0year. All evaluations were performed via phone interviews. The presence or absence of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was categorized based on the entirety of the year's data (i.e., no episodes and &gt;0 episodes). We also defined a persistent\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      group who had\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      present at more than one time point and compared these with a no\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      group and a group with transient\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (i.e., only one episode).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Linear mixed\u2010effect models showed that\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      were associated with more rapid overall cognitive decline (\u22120.26,\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22122.39,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.02), which was driven by executive function (\u22120.28,\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22122.48,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.02). Persistent\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      were associated with decline in executive function (\u22120.33,\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22122.4,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.02), while no relationship was found for non\u2010persistent\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , suggesting that persistent\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      be the major driver of this relationship.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This finding brings greater clarity to the relationship between cognitive decline and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VH<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Future research should examine the robustness of this phenotype for biomarkers studies and treatment interventions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnp.12169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,23]],"date-time":"2018-07-23T11:07:10Z","timestamp":1532344030000},"page":"85-97","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Executive function but not episodic memory decline associated with visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6490-6037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byron","family":"Creese","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Exeter Medical School UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher P.","family":"Albertyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Centre for Age\u2010Related Diseases King's College London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sasha","family":"Dworkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Centre for Age\u2010Related Diseases King's College London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca S.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wolfson Centre for Age\u2010Related Diseases King's College London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi Min","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience King's College London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clive","family":"Ballard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Exeter Medical School UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.12.1906"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000842"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244015585827"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Creese B. Ballard C. Aarsland D. Bergh S. Rongve A. &Selbaek G.(2017).An evaluation of predictors and cognitive decline associated with persistent and transient psychotic symptoms in Alzheimer's disease. 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