{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T04:11:41Z","timestamp":1779163901990,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602720000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01 AG024904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01 AG024904"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuropsychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The reliable change index (RCI) is a commonly used method for interpreting change in neuropsychological test scores over time. However, the RCI is a psychometric method that, to date, has not been validated against neuroanatomical changes. Longitudinal neuroimaging and neuropsychological data from baseline and one\u2010year follow\u2010up visits were retrieved from the Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. The RCI was used to identify participants showing reliable decline on memory (ADNI\u2010Mem;\n                    <jats:italic>N\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a0450) and executive functioning (ADNI\u2010EF;\n                    <jats:italic>N\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                    =\u00a0456) factor scores. For each factor score, two groups (reliable change vs. no reliable change) were matched on potential baseline confounding variables. Longitudinal neuroanatomical data were analysed using tensor\u2010based morphometry. Analysis revealed that reliable change on ADNI\u2010Mem was associated with atrophy in the medial temporal cortex, limbic cortex, temporal lobe and some regions of the parietal lobe. Similar atrophy patterns were found for reliable change on ADNI\u2010EF, except that atrophy extended to the frontal lobe and the atrophy was more extensive and of higher magnitude. The current study not only validates clinical usage of the RCI with neuroanatomical evidence of associated underlying brain change but also suggests patterns of likely brain atrophy when reliable cognitive decline is detected.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnp.12226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T15:00:35Z","timestamp":1602774035000},"page":"274-299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Reliable change in neuropsychological test scores is associated with brain atrophy in older adults"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3214-2196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shayne S.\u2010H.","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Colorado at Colorado Springs Colorado Springs Colorado USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9761-3131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evan","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of California at Davis California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1938-1854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brandon E.","family":"Gavett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Colorado at Colorado Springs Colorado Springs Colorado USA"},{"name":"School of Psychological Science University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"for the Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.4.800"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2010.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000340981.97664.2f"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(01)00110-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","first-page":"95","volume-title":"Neuropsychological assessment in the age of evidence\u2010based practice diagnostic and treatment evaluations","author":"Bowden S. 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