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One hundred and ninety\u2010five adults aged 45\u201355 from the New England Family Study underwent neuropsychological testing to assess attention, executive function, and memory. Physician\u2010diagnosed hypertension status was self\u2010reported via questionnaire. Mid\u2010adulthood hypertension was associated with worse performance on measures of attention and memory, but the cognitive domains impacted varied by sex. Hypertension was associated with only attention in men, whereas in women it was associated with attention and associative and working memory. Sex differences in midlife cognitive performance found in normotensive adults were attenuated in those with hypertension. Our results underscore the importance of accounting for sex when assessing the impact of hypertension on midlife cognition that could be indicative of later decline and risk for cognitive impairment and dementia, given hypertension is an independent risk factor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnp.12291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T10:48:58Z","timestamp":1664448538000},"page":"146-160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Hypertension differentially impacts cognition in men and women in early midlife"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Hannah L.","family":"Shields","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Neuroscience Laboratory for Sex Differences in the Brain, Innovation Center on Sex Differences in Medicine (ICON\u2010X) Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School  Boston 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