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However, some people show considerable adaptability in maintaining cognitive processes despite brain ageing or disease. The cognitive reserve model proposes that individual factors (e.g., higher education) may provide cognitive resilience. We measured whether the expected hippocampal\u2010memory association differs according to educational attainment (a proxy of cognitive reserve). At baseline, 62 older adults (65\u201388\u2009years old) at risk of Alzheimer's disease reported the amount of education completed and received anatomical 3D\u2010T1\u2010w structural MRIs to measure hippocampal volume. They completed a Face\u2010Name Association episodic memory task at baseline, 2\u2009years later, and 4\u2009years later. Educational attainment significantly moderated the effect of hippocampal volume on episodic memory over time,\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22121.97 (\n                    <jats:italic>SE<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.93). Lower hippocampal volume caused greater memory decline at low (mean\u2009\u2212\u20091 SD), but not at moderate (mean) or high (mean\u2009+\u20091 SD) education levels. A Johnson\u2013Neyman analysis revealed that over 14\u2009years of educational attainment is the threshold to eliminate a significant hippocampal\u2010memory effect. The results did not differ by sex. Findings support the cognitive reserve model that individual factors, such as educational attainment, contribute to a cognitive reserve that enables better cognitive performance than would be expected given ageing or disease\u2010related brain changes. Importantly, the findings specify the amount of educational attainment that is protective. Over 14\u2009years of education mitigates hippocampal\u2010related memory decline in people at the risk of Alzheimer's disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnp.70039","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T14:45:47Z","timestamp":1774363547000},"page":"394-409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Educational attainment mitigates hippocampal\u2010related episodic memory decline in individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6725-3270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annalise Aleta","family":"LaPlume","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Trent University  Peterborough Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry McGill University  Montreal Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Toronto Metropolitan University  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samira","family":"Mellah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center, Institut Universitaire de Geriatrie de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Consortium for the early identification of Alzheimer's disease\u2010Quebec (CIMA\u2010Q)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Natasha","family":"Rajah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry McGill University  Montreal Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Toronto Metropolitan University  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Belleville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center, Institut Universitaire de Geriatrie de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions","author":"Aiken L. 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