{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T14:03:06Z","timestamp":1784383386690,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784332800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784332800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Neuropsychology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Executive functions (EF) are vulnerable in preterm children. Owing to methodological issues, inconsistent findings have left some questions unresolved. This study implemented a theory\u2010guided, integrative EF assessment in preterm children. We also examined the impact of perinatal and sociodemographic features on EF disorder. A quasi\u2010experimental sample of 56 preterm children (28\u201334\u2009weeks' gestation) aged 7\u20139 underwent a multidimensional EF assessment, combining performance\u2010based (Child Executive Functions Battery\u2014CEF\u2010B) and daily life measures (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions\u2014BRIEF, parent and teacher versions). EF disorder were defined as congruent impairments in both the CEF\u2010B Impairment index and the BRIEF Global Executive Composite index (parent or teacher), relative to French norms (scores \u226590th percentile). EF disorder were identified in 30.4% of preterm children, despite an above\u2010average mean intellectual quotient (107\u2009\u00b1\u200912.5). CEF\u2010B revealed a high prevalence of EF difficulties (19.6% to 51.8% depending on component: inhibition, working memory, flexibility or planning). In everyday life, difficulties are reported overall by parents (23.2%) and teachers (16.4%). CEF\u2010B and BRIEF scores showed low\u2010to\u2010moderate correlations and poor\u2010to\u2010fair congruence. Higher paternal education (OR: 6.73,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.049) and higher education in both parents (OR: 8.22,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009.033) were protective against EF disorder. Perinatal variables (sex, gestational age, birth weight) and family income showed no significant impact. Findings confirm the high risk of EF difficulties in preterm children. Further work should identify high\u2010risk children for follow\u2010up and support, while raising EF awareness.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnp.70065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T13:17:46Z","timestamp":1784380666000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond protective factors and normal\n                    <scp>IQ<\/scp>\n                    in preterm children: More executive disorders than expected"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3148-4170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Cadeau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LPPL, SFR Confluences Univ Angers, Nantes Universit\u00e9  Angers France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Baptiste","family":"Muller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LPPL, SFR Confluences Univ Angers, Nantes Universit\u00e9  Angers France"},{"name":"Department of Neonatal Pediatrics and Intensive Care and Neuropediatrics Rouen University Hospital  Rouen France"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Genetics and Pathophysiology of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Team, Institute for Medical Research and Innovation in Biomedicine Normandy University, INSERM U1245  Rouen France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Guerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LPPL, SFR Confluences Univ Angers, Nantes Universit\u00e9  Angers France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Boscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatal Medicine University Hospital of Nantes  Nantes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Frondas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatal Medicine University Hospital of Nantes  Nantes France"},{"name":"National Institute of Health and Medical Research CIC004 Nantes University Hospital  Nantes France"},{"name":"Nantes Universit\u00e9, INRAE, UMR1280 PhAN, CRNH\u2010OUEST, IMAD  Nantes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Christophe","family":"Roz\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatal Medicine University Hospital of Nantes  Nantes France"},{"name":"National Institute of Health and Medical Research CIC004 Nantes University Hospital  Nantes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyril","family":"Flamant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatal Medicine University Hospital of Nantes  Nantes France"},{"name":"National Institute of Health and Medical Research CIC004 Nantes University Hospital  Nantes France"},{"name":"Nantes Universit\u00e9, INRAE, UMR1280 PhAN, CRNH\u2010OUEST, IMAD  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