{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T12:23:39Z","timestamp":1794227019770,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,21]],"date-time":"2015-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1421798400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":142,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Peripheral Nervous Sys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ultrasonography can be used to visualize peripheral nerve abnormalities in immune\u2010mediated neuropathies. The objective of this study was to prove the role of ultrasonography (US) in acute phase of Guillain\u2010Barr\u00e9 syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBS<\/jats:styled-content>). Systematic ultrasonic measurements of several peripheral nerves including the vagal nerve as well as the sixth cervical nerve root were performed in 18 patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBS<\/jats:styled-content> at days 1\u20133 after symptom onset and compared to 21 healthy controls. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) of corresponding nerves were undertaken. Consequently, significant differences between the groups were found in compound muscle action potential amplitudes, F\u2010wave latency, and persistency. Ultrasonic cross\u2010sectional areas (CSAs) showed significant enlargement in all nerves except of the ulnar nerve (upper arm) and the sural nerve compared to healthy controls, most prominent in proximal and middle median nerve (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). The vagal nerve also showed enlargement compared to controls (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), which was most pronounced in patients with autonomic dysfunction compared to patients without (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C6<\/jats:styled-content> root diameter showed a significant correlation to the amount of cerebrospinal fluid (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSF<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010protein (Pearson correlation, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). US shows nerve enlargement in several peripheral nerves including vagal nerve and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C6<\/jats:styled-content> root in acute phase of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBS<\/jats:styled-content> and could be an additional diagnostic tool for example, in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBS<\/jats:styled-content> of atypical onset and autonomic dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.12091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,24]],"date-time":"2014-11-24T07:12:07Z","timestamp":1416813127000},"page":"234-241","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Ultrasonography of the peripheral nervous system in the early stage of Guillain\u2010Barr\u00e9 syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Grimm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Basel University Hospital  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard F.","family":"D\u00e9card","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Basel University Hospital  Basel Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hubertus","family":"Axer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hans Berger Department of Neurology Jena University Hospital  Jena Germany"},{"name":"Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC) Jena University Hospital  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