{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T18:18:59Z","timestamp":1784312339011,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,21]],"date-time":"2015-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":81,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004243","name":"Prinses Beatrix Spierfonds","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004243","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013428","name":"Stichting Spieren voor Spieren","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Erasmus MC"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Peripheral Nervous Sys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We report seven children with recent <jats:italic>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> infection and severe Guillain\u2010Barr\u00e9 syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBS<\/jats:styled-content>) that presented to two European medical centres from 1992 to 2012. Severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBS<\/jats:styled-content> was defined as the occurrence of respiratory failure, central nervous system (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNS<\/jats:styled-content>) involvement, or death. Five children had <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBS<\/jats:styled-content>, one Bickerstaff brain stem encephalitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BBE<\/jats:styled-content>), and one acute\u2010onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (A\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIDP<\/jats:styled-content>). The five patients with severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBS<\/jats:styled-content> were derived from an original cohort of 66 children with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBS<\/jats:styled-content>. In this cohort, 17 children (26%) had a severe form of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBS<\/jats:styled-content> and 47% of patients with <jats:italic>M. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> infection presented with severe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBS<\/jats:styled-content>. Of the seven patients in this case series, five were mechanically ventilated and four had <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CNS<\/jats:styled-content> involvement (two were comatose). Most patients presented with non\u2010specific clinical symptoms (nuchal rigidity and ataxia) and showed a rapidly progressive disease course (71%). Antibodies against <jats:italic>M. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> were detected in all patients and were found to be intrathecally synthesised in two cases (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBS<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BBE<\/jats:styled-content>), which proves intrathecal infection. One patient died and only two patients recovered completely. These cases illustrate that <jats:italic>M. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> infection in children can be followed by severe and complicated forms of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBS<\/jats:styled-content>. Non\u2010specific clinical features of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GBS<\/jats:styled-content> in such patients may predispose a potentially life\u2010threatening delay in diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.12121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,26]],"date-time":"2015-06-26T10:44:57Z","timestamp":1435315497000},"page":"72-78","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Severe childhood Guillain\u2010Barr\u00e9 syndrome associated with <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/i> infection: a case series"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Patrick M.","family":"Meyer Sauteur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology Erasmus MC\u2013Sophia Children's Hospital  Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC\u2013Sophia Children's Hospital University Medical Center  Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, and Children's Research Center (CRC) University Children's Hospital of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce","family":"Roodbol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center  Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Erasmus MC\u2013Sophia Children's Hospital University Medical Center  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Hackenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, and Children's Research Center (CRC) University Children's Hospital of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie\u2010Claire Y.","family":"de Wit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Erasmus MC\u2013Sophia Children's Hospital University Medical Center  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelis","family":"Vink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC\u2013Sophia Children's Hospital University Medical Center  Rotterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Erasmus University College Erasmus University  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, and Children's Research Center (CRC) University Children's Hospital of Zurich  Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enno","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TU Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene  Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annemarie M. 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