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The commonly reported antecedent infections implicated in India include<jats:italic>Campylobacter jejuni<\/jats:italic>, chikungunya, dengue, and Japanese encephalitis (JE). In this study from south India, we investigated the role of these four agents in triggering GBS. This case\u2010control study was performed on 150 treatment\u2010naive patients with GBS and 150 age and sex\u2010matched controls from the same community. IgM immunoreactivity for<jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>, chikungunya, and dengue was detected by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum of patients with GBS and control subjects. Immunoreactivity against JE was detected in serum as well as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients (n\u00a0=\u00a0150) and orthopaedic control (n\u00a0=\u00a045) subjects. The immunoreactivity against infections was compared between demyelinating and axonal subtypes of GBS. Overall, 119\/150 patients with GBS had serological evidence of antecedent infection. Amongst those with evidence of antecedent infection, 24 (16%), 8 (5%), and 9 (6%) patients were exclusively immunoreactive to chikungunya, JE, and<jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>, respectively. In the remaining patients (78\/119), immunoreactivity to multiple pathogens was noted. Immunoreactivity to<jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>infection was found in 32% of GBS patients compared to 2.7% controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001), whereas to chikungunya virus was reported in 66.7% of patients with GBS compared to 44.7% controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.006). Anti\u2010dengue immunoreactivity was significantly associated with the demyelinating subtype of GBS. Patients positive for JE IgM (CSF) manifested demyelinating electrophysiology. In this large case\u2010control study, immunoreactivity against multiple infectious agents was observed in a subset of patients. Chikungunya was the commonest antecedent infection, followed by<jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.12459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,13]],"date-time":"2021-07-13T05:42:20Z","timestamp":1626154940000},"page":"298-306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Antecedent infections in<scp>Guillain\u2010Barr\u00e9<\/scp>syndrome patients from south India"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5698-3067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debprasad","family":"Dutta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) Bangalore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monojit","family":"Debnath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics National Institute 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