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We conducted a systematic literature review on the role of cytokines and chemokines in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) and multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN). Ovid Medline, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched until August 31, 2022 for human studies investigating cytokines levels in CIDP or MMN. Fifty\u2010five articles on 1061 CIDP patients and 86\u2009MMN patients were included, with a median of 18 patients per study (range 3\u201371). Studies differed in the inclusion criteria, type of assay, manufacturer, control subjects, and tested biological material. Only a minority of studies reported data on disease activity. Interleukin (IL)\u20106, IL\u201017, CXCL10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1), were elevated in CIDP compared to controls in most of the studies. IL\u20106 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels are also correlated with disability. In MMN patients, IL\u20101Ra was elevated in the majority of the reports. While acknowledging the challenges in comparing studies and the various limitations of the studies, including small patient numbers, particularly in MMN, our review suggests that IL\u20106, IL\u201017, CXCL10, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 might play a role in CIDP pathogenesis. Larger studies are needed in MMN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.12622","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,11]],"date-time":"2024-04-11T05:24:26Z","timestamp":1712813066000},"page":"124-134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Cytokines and chemokines in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy and multifocal motor neuropathy: A systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5278-8598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Cutell\u00e8","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuromuscular and Neuroimmunology Unit IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital  Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"De Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Residency Program Milan University  Milan 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