{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T10:27:37Z","timestamp":1779272857958,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Peripheral Nervous Sys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recreational use of nitrous oxide (N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O) has been associated with the development of severe nitrous oxide\u2010induced neuropathy (N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>On). Follow\u2010up of these patients poses challenges, and their clinical progression remains largely unknown. The identification of prognostic factors is made difficult by the lack of standardized longitudinal assessments in most studies. The objective was to document the course of neuropathy through systematic follow\u2010up assessments in N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>On patients to identify prognostic factors for persistent disability after 6\u2009months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We gathered demographic, clinical, biological, and electrophysiological data from N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>On patients hospitalized in the Referral center in Marseille, both at baseline and during a standardized follow\u2010up assessment at 6\u2009months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively included 26 N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>On patients (mean age 22.6\u2009\u00b1\u20094.4). Significant improvements were observed in all main clinical scores including Rankin, ONLS, and MRC testing (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01). Electrophysiological studies (EDX) revealed a predominantly motor neuropathy with marked reduction in CMAP in the lower limbs at baseline, and no significant improvement in motor parameters (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.543). Rankin score at 6\u2009months correlated with the initial weekly N<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O consumption (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.43, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.03) and the CMAP sum score in the lower limbs at the first EDX (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u2212.47, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009.02). Patients with and without myelitis showed similar Rankin and ONLS score after 6\u2009months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>The clinical course generally improved favorably at 6\u2009months with notable amelioration in the primary disability scores, sensory deficits, and ataxia. However, distal motor impairment associated with peripheral neuropathy persisted, with distal axonal loss emerging as the main prognostic factor for long\u2010term disability in these young patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.12634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T00:03:43Z","timestamp":1716336223000},"page":"252-261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Longitudinal follow\u2010up and prognostic factors in nitrous oxide\u2010induced neuropathy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2797-9389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Etienne","family":"Fortanier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS La Timone University Hospital, Aix\u2010Marseille University  Marseille 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France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joelle","family":"Micallef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacosurveillance, Regional Addictovigilance Center of Marseille Marseille University, Hospital  Marseille France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shahram","family":"Attarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS La Timone University Hospital, Aix\u2010Marseille University  Marseille France"},{"name":"Inserm, GMGF Aix\u2010Marseille University  Marseille 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