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Infections and vaccines have been implicated as causes triggering GBS. The aim of the study was to identify host genes involved in the pathogenesis of GBS when Zika (ZIKV) and Chikungunya viruses (CHIKV) were introduced in Brazil.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A case\u2013control study of GBS was performed when ZIKV and CHIKV were introduced into a na\u00efve population. GBS was studied during both acute and postacute phases. RNA sequencing was conducted using whole blood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>GBS typically manifested a week after rash and fever; acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy was more frequent. None of the GBS cases had a poor outcome. Serological assays for ZIKV and CHIKV revealed high titers of immunoglobulin G for both viruses in 9 out of 11 subjects. Metatranscriptomic analyses unveiled an increased abundance of reads attributed to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Pseudomonas tolaasii<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic> in the acute phase. Analysis of differentially expressed host genes during the acute phase revealed altered expression of genes associated with axogenesis, synapse assembly, and presynapse organization. Moreover, genes upregulated during acute GBS were primarily related to inflammation and the inflammasome pathways, including AIM2, NLR family genes and LRR\u2010protein genes, and IL\u201010.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest that inflammasome activation via AIM2 could play a role in tissue damage during GBS. Further investigation into the general activation of innate inflammatory responses is warranted to elucidate their potential contribution to the pathology of GBS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.70012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T10:56:46Z","timestamp":1742295406000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Altered Cellular Pathways in the Blood of Patients With Guillain\u2010Barre Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00edlia Fabiana de Oliveira","family":"Lima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte  Natal Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viviane Brito","family":"Nogueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte  Natal Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wendy","family":"Maury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary Edythe","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa  Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Veterans' Affairs Medical Center  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rio Em\u00edlio Teixeira Dourado","family":"J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine of Rio Grande do Norte Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte  Natal Brazil"},{"name":"Onofre Lopes University Hospital and Department of Integrative Medicine Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte  Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego Gomes","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine of Rio Grande do Norte Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte  Natal Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4784-9904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selma Maria","family":"Bezerra Jeronimo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Center Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte  Natal Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine of Rio Grande do Norte Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte  Natal Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte  Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil"},{"name":"Institute of Science and Technology of Tropical Diseases  Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600\u20100404.2011.01503.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.13508"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(05)67665\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2014.121"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000052111"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473\u20103099(01)00019\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232214222"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.12358"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007502"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100039\u20101697564"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1107496"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916\u2010015\u20100348\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473\u20103099(17)30333\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000833"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade do Brasil \u201cDoen\u00e7as e Agravos de Notifica\u00e7\u00e3o \u2010 2007 em diante (SINAN). 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