{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T04:48:46Z","timestamp":1782103726459,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Peripheral Nervous Sys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immune cells and circulating inflammatory proteins play crucial roles in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) pathogenesis. However, the causal associations between these factors and CIDP remain unclear. Herein, we aimed to explore these associations using a two\u2010sample, two\u2010step Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two\u2010sample MR analysis was conducted using genome\u2010wide association studies data to assess links between immune cells, inflammatory proteins, and CIDP. Data on 731 immune cell traits were obtained from a cohort of 3757 Sardinians, 91 inflammatory proteins from 14\u2009824 Europeans across 11 cohorts, and CIDP data from 456\u2009348 Europeans in the UK Biobank. Fixed\u2010effect inverse variance weighted and Bayesian\u2010weighted MR methods were used, along with a two\u2010step MR to assess mediation effects. Sensitivity analyses were performed to check for horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty\u2010five immune cell traits were found to be significantly associated with CIDP. Of these, 17 immunophenotypes increased CIDP risk, whereas 8 were protective. Among inflammatory proteins, cystatin D (CST5) and interleukin\u201018 (IL\u201018) were linked to CIDP risk. Although not statistically significant, CST5 appeared to partially mediate the association between CD8+ NKT %T cells and CIDP (OR, 1.006; 95% CI, 1.00\u20131.02), accounting for approximately 3% of the mediation effect.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings highlight several novel immune cell and inflammatory protein interactions implicated in CIDP. These results present new immune targets for future CIDP therapies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.70108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T06:44:52Z","timestamp":1770792292000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Elucidating Causal Associations Between Immune Cells, Circulating Inflammatory Proteins, and Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy: A Two\u2010Sample Two\u2010Step Mendelian Randomization Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Ann\u2010Ching","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences National Central University  Taoyuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital  Taoyuan 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