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This exploratory study investigated circulating inflammation\u2010related proteins associated with corneal neuroimmune measures, neuropathic deficits, and symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants with T2D (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200944) underwent assessment of corneal nerve morphology and dendritic cell density (DCD), vibration perception threshold (VPT), electrochemical skin conductance (ESC), DN4 questionnaire, and profiling of 92 plasma proteins using the Olink inflammation panel.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 30 proteins were associated with neuropathy deficits and corneal DCD. Corneal nerve measures showed positive associations with two chemokines, four epithelial\u2010barrier cytokines, and two growth\u2010related mediators, and negative associations with three inflammatory cytokines\/receptors, one anti\u2010inflammatory cytokine\/receptor, two immune\u2010regulatory molecules, and one chemokine. VPT was positively associated with three inflammatory cytokines\/receptors, while ESC showed negative associations with one metabolic\u2013inflammatory enzyme, one chemokine, and one inflammatory receptor. Neuropathic symptoms based on DN4 were positively associated with one immune\u2010regulatory molecule and negatively with one neurotrophic factor and one homeostatic cytokine. Corneal DCD showed positive associations with four inflammatory cytokines and one neurotrophic factor, and a negative association with one epithelial chemokine. Non\u2010branching DCD was negatively associated with corneal nerve branch density (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neuropathy deficits and corneal DCD in T2D are associated with distinct neuroimmune pathways.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.70134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:39:27Z","timestamp":1781138367000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Circulating Inflammation\u2010Related Proteins Linked to Corneal Neuroimmune Measures, Neuropathy Deficits, and Symptoms in Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6936-1248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Ponirakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine\u2010Qatar, Qatar Foundation  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Al\u2010Janahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Diabetes Center Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Einas","family":"Elgassim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine\u2010Qatar, Qatar Foundation  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajaa S. D.","family":"Dalloul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine\u2010Qatar, Qatar Foundation  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis N.","family":"Petropoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine\u2010Qatar, Qatar Foundation  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoda","family":"Gad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine\u2010Qatar, Qatar Foundation  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adnan","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine\u2010Qatar, Qatar Foundation  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadeel B.","family":"Zaghloul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine\u2010Qatar, Qatar Foundation  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamda","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Diabetes Center Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mashhood A.","family":"Siddique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Diabetes Center Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima F. S.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine\u2010Qatar, Qatar Foundation  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina H. M.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine\u2010Qatar, Qatar Foundation  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youssra","family":"Dakroury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Weill Cornell Medicine\u2010Qatar, Qatar Foundation  Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abeer M. 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