{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T10:03:43Z","timestamp":1790071423746,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789257600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011724","name":"Muscular Dystrophy UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18GRO\u2010PG12\u20100230"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18GRO\u2010PG12\u20100230"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011724","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Peripheral Nervous Sys"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Definite diagnosis of multifocal motor neuropathy with conduction block (MMNCB) requires identification of electrophysiological motor conduction block (CB), which is sometimes challenging to demonstrate. Magnetic resonance (MR) neurography is recommended as a supportive diagnostic criterion. Brachial plexus short\n                      <jats:italic>tau<\/jats:italic>\n                      inversion recovery (STIR) hyperintensity is described in MMNCB but the utility of tractography (DTI) is less well understood. We sought evidence for the utility of DTI and STIR parameters of MMNCB forearm nerve segments with clear NCS\u2010demonstrated CB, which could be applied to less accessible nerves.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten MMNCB individuals with definite CB and 10 healthy controls underwent dedicated forearm 3\u2010T MRI with DTI and STIR. Axial, radial and mean diffusivity (AD, RD and MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were calculated. DTI profiles were visually inspected for possible abnormalities, and pooled values of individual diffusion parameters were analysed for group differences. STIR sequences were reviewed for areas of hyperintensity. MRI and defined NCS abnormalities were correlated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Composite nerve segment profile inspection showed occasional patterns (elevated AD\/MD\/RD, reduced FA) in regions of CB, but indistinguishable changes were also seen in MMNCB nerves without CB and controls (sensitivity 28.6%\u201342.9%, positive predictive value 44.4%\u201354.5%). Pooled diffusion parameter data identified no statistically significant group differences. Some MMNCB nerves demonstrated focal STIR hyperintensity poorly correlating with CB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Existing DTI and STIR techniques cannot identify useful characteristics of MMNCB pathology in forearm nerves. Whilst statistically significant group differences can be identified, inspection of individual images cannot identify consistently found abnormalities, and the differences are too small to be clinically useful.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jns.70164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T03:45:21Z","timestamp":1789357521000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High Resolution 3\u2010T Magnetic Resonance Tractography Cannot Localise Conduction Block in Multifocal Motor Neuropathy With Conduction Block"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6434-9496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryan Y. S.","family":"Keh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"},{"name":"Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Hospital Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Zambreanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Wastling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carolynne M.","family":"Doherty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamza A.","family":"Salhab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chandrashekar","family":"Hoskote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachit","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Blake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neurophysiology Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital  Norwich UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aisling S.","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Neuromuscular Disease, Institute of Neurology University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Thornton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasper M.","family":"Morrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Neuromuscular Disease, Institute of Neurology University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3174-6027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael P.","family":"Lunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  London UK"},{"name":"Department of Neuromuscular Disease, Institute of Neurology University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14959"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1529\u20108027.2010.00290.X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/PN\u20102022\u2010003438"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.5.1218"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13380"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26773"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2022.577953"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.632"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26821"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2010.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008697"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00330\u2010016\u20104575\u20100\/FIGURES\/4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/DIAGNOSTICS13071237"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.NEUROIMAGE.2019.116137"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26059"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.06.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.26054"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","unstructured":"T.Dhollander D.Raffelt andA.Connelly \u201cUnsupervised 3\u2010Tissue Response Function Estimation From Single\u2010Shell or Multi\u2010Shell Diffusion MR Data Without a Co\u2010Registered T1 Image \u201d2016 https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/307863133."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","unstructured":"T.Dhollander R.Mito D.Raffelt andA.Connelly \u201cImproved White Matter Response Function Estimation for 3\u2010Tissue Constrained Spherical Deconvolution \u201d2019 https:\/\/archive.ismrm.org\/2019\/0555.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006\u20103495(94)80775\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","unstructured":"C.Westin S.Peled H.Gudbjartsson R.Kikinis andF.Jolesz \u201cGeometrical Diffusion Measures for MRI From Tensor Basis Analysis \u201din ISMRM '97 (1997)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.07.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1522\u20102594(200010)44:4<625::AID\u2010MRM17>3.0.CO;2\u2010O"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","unstructured":"J. D.Tournier F.Calamante andA.Connelly \u201cImproved Probabilistic Streamlines Tractography by 2nd Order Integration Over Fibre Orientation Distributions \u201d2010 https:\/\/archive.ismrm.org\/2010\/1670.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","volume-title":"Python 3 Reference Manual","author":"Van Rossum G.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","unstructured":"R Core Team R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing(R Foundation for Statistical Computing) https:\/\/www.R\u2010project.org\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ANA.410060113"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S12031\u2010007\u20100029\u20100\/FIGURES\/5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/IIM.13.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0000000000000118"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(15)00242\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006214"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13953"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24068"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875\u2010014\u20100026\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25018"}],"container-title":["Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jns.70164","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jns.70164","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jns.70164","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T09:15:11Z","timestamp":1790068511000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jns.70164"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jns.70164"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jns.70164","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1085-9489","1529-8027"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1085-9489","type":"print"},{"value":"1529-8027","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70164"}}