{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T13:09:22Z","timestamp":1774703362452,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sigma Theta Tau International Beta Tau Chapter"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["sigmapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Nursing Scholarship"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire to examine women's beliefs about cervical cancer and the Pap test in Chilean women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The questionnaire, developed following the guidelines by Robert de Vellis, is based on the Health Belief Model. The content validity index was 0.93 upon review by 10 Chilean experts. A cross\u2010sectional design was implemented to validate the questionnaire. The sample included 333 women recruited from a women's healthcare center in Santiago, Chile. Exploratory factor analysis was used to evaluate validity and coefficient \u03b1 to evaluate reliability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>After six models were computed, the questionnaire was reduced from 53 to 28 items. The new questionnaire, CPC\u201028 (in Spanish, Creencias, Papanicolaou, Cancer \u201028), includes six domains: the barriers domain to take a Pap test, the cues to action domain, the severity domain, the need to have a Pap test domain, the susceptibility to cervical cancer domain, and the benefit domain. The unexpected salient factor \u201cneed to have a Pap test\u201d was found as part of the susceptibility domain proposed in the initial questionnaire. This finding is an important topic for future research. The CPC\u201028 questionnaire explained 49% of the total variance, and the reliability was .735.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>It was concluded that the CPC\u201028 questionnaire will have important implications on research, education, and administration across disciplines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nursing curricula and healthcare providers must stress the importance and reinforce the importance of prevention of cervical cancer and regular Pap test screenings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,2]],"date-time":"2013-03-02T07:17:35Z","timestamp":1362208655000},"page":"126-131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Beliefs About Cervical Cancer and Pap Test: A New Chilean Questionnaire"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Maria\u2010Teresa","family":"Urrutia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beta Tau, Associate Professor, School of Nursing Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosemary","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beta Tau, Associate Professor of Clinical, School of Nursing and Health Studies University of Miami Coral Gables FL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1354850021000015258"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2004.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2003.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00012272-198404000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/109019818700600406"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.1983.tb00473.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"60","volume-title":"Scale development: Theory and applications","author":"De Vellis R.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2003.02712.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","volume-title":"Estadisticas SSMSO","author":"Gobierno de Chile","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2010.05450.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1135-57272004000300006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-198611000-00017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00012272-198104010-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"447","volume-title":"Psychometric theory","author":"Nunnaly J.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"221","volume-title":"Psychometric theory","author":"Nunnaly J.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","volume-title":"Prevenci\u00f3n y detecci\u00f3n temprana pueden evitar una escalada de muertes por c\u00e1ncer en las Am\u00e9ricas [Prevention, early detection could avert a major surge in cancer deaths in the Americas]","author":"Organizaci\u00f3n Panamericana de la Salud","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","volume-title":"La OPS insta a que se adopte un nuevo m\u00e9todo para la prevenci\u00f3n del c\u00e1ncer cervicouterino [PAHO urges new approach to cervical cancer prevention]","author":"Organizaci\u00f3n Panamericana de la Salud","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","volume-title":"Expertos en la Am\u00e9ricas piden mejoras para evitar muertes por c\u00e1ncer de cuello uterino [Experts appeal for integrated programs to prevent cervical cancer]","author":"Organizaci\u00f3n Panamericana de la Salud","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-005-0004-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","volume-title":"Regional strategy and plan of action for cervical cancer prevention and control","author":"Pan American Health Organization and World Health Organization","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","volume-title":"Health promotion in nursing practice","author":"Pender N.","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1446.1997.tb00298.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412984898","volume-title":"Making sense of factor analysis. 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