{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T21:59:09Z","timestamp":1774303149617,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["sigmapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Nursing Scholarship"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to explore the associations among psychological distress, perceived social support, and family satisfaction among family members of non\u2010COVID\u201019 intensive care unit (ICU) patients during the COVID\u201019 pandemic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Family members of patients with at least 48\u00a0h in the ICU and without a COVID\u201019 diagnosis were screened between January and March 2021. For enrolled ICU family members, five questionnaires for perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale), anxiety symptoms (General Anxiety Disorder\u20107), depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire\u20109), perceived social support (Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey), and family satisfaction (Family Satisfaction with Care in the Intensive Care Unit\u201024) were administered by phone either in English or Spanish language. Sociodemographic and patient clinical data were also collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlations, Mann\u2013Whitney U, and Fisher's exact tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Findings<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 87 eligible ICU family members, 63 were enrolled (72.4%); 27% of the sample presented with clinically significant symptoms of anxiety, 25.4% with depression, and 76.2% had a high perception of social support. ICU family members with low\/fair perceived social support reported statistically significantly higher perceived stress and lower family satisfaction. Perceived stress was negatively correlated with family satisfaction. Clinically significant symptoms of anxiety and depression were not statistically associated with family satisfaction or perceived social support.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>While ICU admission\u2010related stress may undermine family satisfaction, perceived social support may be positively associated with the way that ICU family members of non\u2010COVID\u201019 patients evaluate the quality of care in the ICU. Knowing the factors that influence family satisfaction in the ICU may assist stakeholders and policy developers to improve family\u2010centered care in the hospital setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early screening for psychological distress and social support levels during admission should be included in updates of visiting and communication policies in the ICU. Prompt identification of family members at risk of a poor ICU experience may enhance efforts to support them, particularly in acute care settings where differentiated approaches to COVID\u201019 and non\u2010COVID\u201019 ICU family members are established.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T13:24:36Z","timestamp":1664457876000},"page":"33-44","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Psychological distress, social support, and family satisfaction among family members of <scp>non\u2010COVID<\/scp>\u201019 critical care patients: A cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5452-8415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristobal","family":"Padilla\u2010Fortunatti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile  Santiago Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2799-3973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cindy L.","family":"Munro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Health Studies University of Miami  Coral Gables Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5827-1389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina","family":"Gattamorta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing and Health Studies University of Miami  Coral Gables Florida USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.12141"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/scs.12289"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.13452"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613\u2010014\u20100037\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5935\/0103\u2010507X.20160055"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250590"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17511437211007779"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2019668"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1099\u20109809.14.2.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560\u2010020\u201000520\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/10499091211006914"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2516765"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003\u2010066X.59.8.676"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2136404"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/11.3.201"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189874"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2014.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477\u20107525\u20108\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.9058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.12089"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650\u2010198204000\u201000003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2016.10.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1023509117524"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022\u20103999(67)90010\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2013.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202006\u2010729OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10061280"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525\u20101497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/CAT.20.0139"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181cf6d94"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2012582"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023883"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2004.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001761"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13030\u2010021\u201000206\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ANS.0000000000000360"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2017.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medin.2022.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1138741600006004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888\u2010021\u201003200\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0b013e32833e9718"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277\u20109536(91)90150\u2010B"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X1204000120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054\u2010016\u20101185\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000251122.15053.50"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1802637"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12443"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nursing Scholarship"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jnu.12812","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jnu.12812","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/sigmapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jnu.12812","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T07:05:33Z","timestamp":1692515133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sigmapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jnu.12812"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jnu.12812"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnu.12812","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1527-6546","1547-5069"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1527-6546","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-5069","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-02-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-29","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}