{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T23:03:09Z","timestamp":1777071789141,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]],"date-time":"2022-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668988800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["sigmapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Nursing Scholarship"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Since the COVID\u201019 pandemic, an increase in fentanyl\u2010combined drugs has led to a surge in opioid overdose deaths in the United States. Higher opioid overdose mortality rates are problematic in rural communities, and there are few prevention, treatment, and recovery resources for individuals experiencing opioid use disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>This exploratory project aimed to investigate a hands\u2010on naloxone training for rural clinicians and staff. Rural clinicians and staff at two behavioral health centers were recruited to participate in a 30\u2010min lecture and 30\u2010min hands\u2010on intranasal naloxone training using a low\u2010fidelity mannequin. A pre\u2010post opioid knowledge questionnaire, rubric based on the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration toolkit, and investigator\u2010generated survey were used to evaluate opioid knowledge and response, demonstration of intranasal naloxone administration, and participants' perceptions of the training. Enrollment characteristics were summarized using descriptive statistics and paired t\u2010tests were used to assess mean differences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the nine participants in the project, seven (87.5%) were female and six (75.0%) were Black. Four participants assumed a therapist role, attained a MS or MA degree, and had 5 or more years of experience working in healthcare. The total mean rubric score for all participants was 96.0 (<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a08.8). No significant pre\u2010post mean differences among opioid knowledge, overdose risk, and overdose response categories were found, all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05. However, post\u2010intervention mean scores were slightly higher in all categories except overdose risk. Most participants (77.8%) responded that they felt comfortable handling an opioid situation and teaching the training to community members. Open\u2010ended responses indicated that participants liked the demonstrations, examples used, hands\u2010on nature of the training, and the presentation materials.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>A hands\u2010on naloxone training is beneficial for training rural clinicians and staff to respond to opioid overdose. This training may be a promising solution to reduce response time between recognition of opioid symptoms and administration of the life\u2010saving medication, naloxone. Future studies should examine the efficacy of this training in larger samples with the inclusion of rural interdisciplinary teams, trusted community leaders, and family and friends of those impacted by opioid use disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>This innovative hands\u2010on naloxone training is designed for rural clinicians and residents who are most likely to witness individuals experiencing opioid toxicity. The primary goal is to reduce response time between recognition of signs and symptoms and administration of the life\u2010saving medication, Naloxone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12841","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T04:48:57Z","timestamp":1669092537000},"page":"599-604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["An exploratory study of a hands\u2010on naloxone training for rural clinicians and staff"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Shameka L.","family":"Cody","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Capstone College of Nursing The University of Alabama  Tuscaloosa Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheryl B.","family":"Hines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capstone College of Nursing The University of Alabama  Tuscaloosa Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina J.","family":"Glenn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capstone College of Nursing The University of Alabama  Tuscaloosa Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rochelle","family":"Sharp\u2010Marbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Capstone College of Nursing The University of Alabama  Tuscaloosa Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharlene","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alabama Life Research Institute The University of Alabama  Tuscaloosa Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2019.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/IJERPH19042230"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control and Prevention(2021).National Center for Health Statisticshttps:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/pressroom\/nchs_press_releases\/2021\/20211117.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2019.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0000000000000235"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954\u2010019\u20100352\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JAN.0000000000000407"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2019.100872"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2021.108912"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","unstructured":"National Institute on Drug Abuse NIDA. (2018).Overdose death rateshttps:\/\/www.drugabuse.gov\/related\u2010topics\/trends\u2010statistics\/overdose\u2010death\u2010rates"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20199"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). (2018).Opioid 259 overdose prevention toolkit.https:\/\/store.samhsa.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/d7\/priv\/sma18\u20104742.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). (2022).Naloxone.https:\/\/www.samhsa.gov\/medication\u2010assisted\u2010treatment\/medications\u2010counseling\u2010related\u2010conditions\/naloxone"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S13722\u2010022\u201000303\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/RMH0000166"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ADDBEH.2018.03.004"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nursing Scholarship"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jnu.12841","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/jnu.12841","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/sigmapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/jnu.12841","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T16:40:31Z","timestamp":1692636031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/sigmapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jnu.12841"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/jnu.12841"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnu.12841","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1527-6546","1547-5069"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1527-6546","type":"print"},{"value":"1547-5069","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-06-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-10-24","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-11-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}