{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:53:59Z","timestamp":1790834039120,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["sigmapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J of Nursing Scholarship"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using software for self\u2010management interventions can improve health outcomes for individuals with low back pain, but there is a dearth of research to confirm its effectiveness. Additionally, no known research has evaluated the effective elements of software\u2010based interventions for low back pain self\u2010management components. This study aimed to synthesize the effectiveness of software\u2010based interventions to promote self\u2010management health outcomes among individuals with low back pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis was conducted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta\u2010Analyses Statement, relevant studies up to July 2022 were searched via four electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Web of Science.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>4908 adults with low back pain who participated in 23 studies were included. Software\u2010based interventions were effective in reducing fear avoidance (mean difference [MD]\u2009=\u2009\u22120.95, 95% CI: \u22121.45 to \u22120.44), pain catastrophizing (MD\u2009=\u2009\u22121.31, 95% CI: \u22121.84 to \u22120.78), disability (MD\u2009=\u2009\u22128.21, 95% CI: \u221213.02 to \u22123.39), and pain intensity (MD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.86, 95% CI: \u22121.17 to \u22120.55). Specifically, interventions that included an exercise component were more effective in reducing pain and disability. Additionally, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention significantly reduced fear avoidance and pain catastrophizing but had no noticeable impact on disability and pain compared to standard treatment. The certainty of the evidence in this review varied from very low to high across outcomes. The heterogeneity of the study results was significant, suggesting that future studies in this area could optimize the design, time points, measures, and outcomes to strengthen the evidence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low back pain self\u2010management interventions delivered through software\u2010based programs effectively reduce pain intensity, disability, fear avoidance, and pain catastrophizing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low back pain is among the most common reasons for seeking healthcare visits. Combining exercise and counseling through soft\u2010based programs may effectively address this issue and its associated suffering and disability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T04:43:23Z","timestamp":1697085803000},"page":"206-226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Software\u2010based interventions for low back pain management: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"56","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3246-6756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Se Jin","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Nursing Gachon University  Incheon South 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